Palaeolexicon: Word study tool for ancient languages

Palaeolexicon: Word study tool for ancient languages

About Palaeolexicon

Palaeolexicon is a tool for the study of ancient languages. Its name derives from the Greek words palaeo meaning 'old' and lexicon meaning 'dictionary'. If you're interested of the ancient world and its languages, then this is a site for you. It is a place for people who love historical linguistics and ancient history.

History

Palaeolexicon started as a project in December 2008 and its aim was to provide a searchable index of Mycenaean Greek glosses. During the early development stages, it was decided that Phrygian should be docked in as well. Then languages of the greater Balkan and Anatolia area followed.

Language support

The Palaeolexicon database contains public and partial dictionaries that in turn contain thousands of words. The difference between a public and partial dictionary, is that a public dictionary is available for browsing, while a partial dictionary will return results corresponding the search criteria of a user.

Palaeolexicon has currently the following public dictionaries:

• Avestan
• Cappadocian Greek
• Carian
• Cypriot Syllabic Script
• Early Proto-Albanian
• Eteocypriot
• Etruscan
• Hattic
• Hittite
• Linear B
• C. Luwian
• Lycian
• Lydian
• Old Norse
• Palaic
• Phrygian
• Pre-Celtic
• Pre-Greek toponyms
• Proto-Altaic
• Proto-Indo-European
• Proto-Kartvelian
• Proto-Semitic
• Proto-Turkic
• Safaitic
• Thracian
• Tocharian A
• Tocharian B
• Urartian

The partial dictionaries include the following languages:

• Aeolic Greek
• Ancient Macedonian
• Arcado-Cypriot Greek
• Armenian
• Attic Greek
• Basque/Euskara
• Doric Greek
• Greek
• Hurrian
• Ionic Greek
• Latin
• Lemnian
• Mitanni
• Old Persian
• Ossetian (Iron)
• Pr.Indo-Iranian
• Proto-Anatolian
• Proto-Celtic
• Proto-Italic
• Proto-Tungus
• Proto-Uralic
• Sanskrit

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Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon (LSJ) Wiki

[First posted in AWOL 10 My 2013, updated 24 February 2020]

LSJ

Introduction

This project consisted originally in the conversion into mediawiki format of Liddell, Scott, Jones' A Greek–English Lexicon, which is more commonly known as LSJ. The data have been provided by the Perseus Project with a Creative Commons Sharealike / Non-Commercial / Attribution license. And it was launched on February 2013.
Since then a number of other sources (Ancient Greek/Latin to and from other languages) have been added. For example:

• Diccionario Griego-Español (DGE)

DGE is and Ancient Greek to Spanish Dictionary produced at the Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo (ILC) of the Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS) of the CSIC (Madrid) under the direction of Francisco R. Adrados and Juan Rodríguez Somolinos. The online version (about 60,000 entries) contains lemmata from α through ἔξαυος and is the work of this amazing team. Work on this dictionary has been sponsored by the Greek Leventis Foundation among others and it is offered under a non-commercial creative commons license.

• Grieks/Nederlands woordenboek offered under a non-commercial creative commons license.

• Anatole Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec-Français abrégé as digitized by Chaeréphon

Objective

Apart from making accessible a variety of sources, the objective is to improve upon them. Many of the works are old and apart from antiquated language there are also numerous errors. Hence the work being carried out on editing those sources and producing reverge language versions (i.e. from other languages into Ancient Greek).

Attribution Required

According to the above license, if you copy text from this site you are required to provide attribution with a link to the page you used. To be clear as to what attribution means, you have to:

Hyperlink directly to the original page on the source site of the specific article you quote from (e.g. ἀγάπη)

“Directly”, means that each hyperlink must point directly to this domain in standard HTML visible even with JavaScript disabled, and not use a tinyurl or any other form of obfuscation or redirection. Furthermore, the links must not be nofollowed.

Lateinische Wörterbücher- Eine illustrierte Bibliographie von Richard Wolf

Lateinische Wörterbücher- Eine illustrierte Bibliographie von Richard Wolf

© 2001-2019

Als ich vor einigen Jahrzehnten auf dem Weg zum Latinum war, hat mich der "Stowasser" als lateinisches Schulwörterbuch sieben Jahre lang begleitet - es war der "kleine" Stowasser, den großen habe ich mir damals, ohne ihn zu kennen, sehnlich (aber vergeblich) gewünscht. Ich habe nicht einmal geahnt, daß darüber hinaus noch so viele andere großartige, gründliche lateinische Wörterbücher in Deutschland erschienen sind! Daß es sie gibt, daß sie immer greifbar sind, um uns zu Diensten zu sein, wird für selbstverständlich genommen, es sind bloße Gebrauchsbücher. Aber jedes von ihnen hat seine Geschichte, und sie sind in aller Regel das Ergebnis jahrelanger intensiver Arbeit. In diesem Sinne möchte ich hier auch eine Dankesschuld abtragen, indem ich hinter den Namen wenigstens im groben Umriß die Menschen zeige, ohne deren unermüdlichen Fleiß wir oft an einem Text verzweifeln würden. 

 Inzwischen füllen diese Wörterbücher ein paar Reihen in meinem Regal (vgl. Mein kleines Asyl), und ich habe mir überlegt, ob nicht eine kleine Bibliographie dieser Art auch für andere Freunde der lateinischen Sprache nützlich sein könnte. Gesagt, getan!

SALVE					andere Sprachen	einsprachig
polyglott	nachklassisch	Autoren	Sachgebiete	Übriges	Autoren  A - Z	*SUCHEN*

New Online from the Oriental Institute: Hittite Dictionary Š, fascicle 4 (-šma/i- A. to šūu)

The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CHD)

Editors:

Petra M. Goedegebuure, Hans G. Güterbock, Harry A. Hoffner, and Theo P. J. van den Hout

S, fascicle 4 (-šma/i- A. to šūu-) (pb) 200 (509–661) 2019 978-1-61491-047-3 $30.00 Purchase Download Terms of Use S, fascicles 1–4 (sa- to šūu-) (hb)  661 (1–661) 2019 - - (Available 11-01-19)

See all available issues of the Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CHD)

For an up to date list of all Oriental Institute publications available online see:

The Oriental Institute Open Access Publications

Database: Glossarium Græco-Arabicum: A lexicon of the mediæval Arabic translations from the Greek

[First posted in AWOL 5 April 2011. Updated 21 October 2019]

Glossarium Græco-Arabicum: A lexicon of the mediæval Arabic translations from the Greek

The database Glossarium Græco-Arabicum makes available the files of a lexical project, intended to open up the lexicon of the mediæval Arabic translations from the Greek. It contains images of the filecards (ca. 80,000) which have not yet been published in the analytical reference dictionary A Greek and Arabic Lexicon (Leiden: Brill, 1992ff.), and comprises Arabic roots from the letter jîm to the end of the Arabic alphabet.

From the eighth to the tenth century A. D., Greek scientific and philosophical works were translated wholesale into Arabic. This activity resulted in the incorporation and reorganization of the classical heritage in the new civilization which, using Arabic, spread with Islam.

The object of project Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum is to make readily available to scholars the direct information which the Graeco-Arabic translations contain for several areas of research. These include:

– the vocabulary and syntax of Classical and Middle Arabic;
– the development of a scientific and technical vocabulary in Arabic;
– the vocabulary of Classical and Middle Greek;
– the chronology and nature of the translation movement into Arabic; and
– the establishment of the texts of Greek works and their Arabic translations.

Browse by ...

• Sources
• Authors
• Filecards
• Words

References

• Abbreviations
• Links
• Transliteration
• Unicode Help
• Contact

Corpus Charts

• Source Treemap
• Author Treemap
• Distinct Lex. by Source
• Distinct Lex. by Transl.
• Timemap

Authors (in alphabetical order)

Greek Aelianus (1 Source) Alexander (9 Sources) Aristotle (27 Sources) Artemidorus (1 Source) Dioskurides (1 Source) Eratosthenes (1 Source) Euclides (1 Source) Galenus (13 Sources) Hippocrates (11 Sources) Hypsicles (1 Source) Menandros (1 Source) Nicomachus (1 Source) Philoponus (1 Source) Philumenus (1 Source) Plato (1 Source) Plotinus (1 Source) Plutarch (1 Source) Porphyrios (1 Source) Proclus (2 Sources) Pseudo-Aristotle (4 Sources) Pseudo-Plutarch (1 Source) Ptolemaeus (2 Sources) Rufus (1 Source) Themistius (1 Source) Theophrastus (1 Source)

Arabic Abū Bišr Mattā (2 Sources) Abū ʿUṯmān al-Dimašqī (4 Sources) Eustathios (2 Sources) Ḥubaiš b. al-Ḥasan (2 Sources) Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (7 Sources) Ibn al-Ṭayyib (4 Sources) Ibn Nāʿima (1 Source) Isḥāq b. Ḥunayn (10 Sources) Iṣṭifān ibn Basīl (2 Sources) Qusṭā ibn Lūqā (1 Source) Ṯābit ibn Qurra (2 Sources) Theodore Abū Qurra (3 Sources) Yaḥyā ibn al-Biṭrīq (6 Sources)

Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries (eSAD)

[First  posted in AWOL 16 April 2018, updated 14 May 2019]

Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries (eSAD)

Akkadian (Babylonian-Assyrian), a Semitic language written in the cuneiform script, was the native language of Babylonia and Assyria, the two main areas of Ancient Mesopotamia. It spread all over the Ancient Near East and was used, at least in written form and during certain periods, also from Elam in southwest Iran to Anatolia Syria, Palestine and even Egypt in the west. Written from ca. 2600 BC to the 1st century AD, Akkadian is one of the best attested languages of antiquity: the size of the Akkadian text corpus approximately corresponds to the size of the corpus of ancient Latin.

The Akkadian lexicon is actually accessible through two large dictionaries, W. von Sodens Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (1958–1981, 3 volumes) and The Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago (1956–2010, 20 volumes). Both dictionaries present Akkadian words with their meaning in context and a large number of references. However, due to the many new texts published after the end of the Akkadisches Handwörterbuch and The Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago, as well as new secondary literature and corrections, both dictionaries, especially in their earlier volumes, are outdated in part.

The Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries is meant to update both dictionaries. Since July 1st 2013, it is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as a long-term project, in connection with the Etymological Dictionary of Akkadian conducted by Manfred Krebernik (Jena) and Leonid Kogan (Moscow). All results are published on this website, and in addition printed volumes will appear successively. 

The project leader is Michael P. Streck. Collaborators are:  Nadezda Rudik (2013-2017), Elyze Zomer (2017), Janine Wende (since 2017), N. J. C. Kouwenberg (2017).

First postes in AWOL 16 April 2018, updated How to use the Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries

Content released under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license, 2007-14.

Text Corpus
Current State of Work
Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries:
A    B    D    E    G    Ḫ    I    K     L    M    N    P    Q    R    S    Ṣ    Š    T    Ṭ    U    W    Y    Z
Printversion:
  
Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries, Volume B, P., Leipziger Altorientalistische Studien Band 7,1, Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden) 2018. Divergences or additions to the print version are marked yellow in the digital version (eSAD) .
Bibliography
Bibliographical Abbreviations
Other_Abbreviations

See also:

A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian: Addenda, corrigenda, and supporting bibliography

and

The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Online Open Access Thesaurus linguae Latinae (TLL)

Thesaurus linguae Latinae (TLL)

Der Thesaurus linguae Latinae ist das maßgebliche Wörterbuch des antiken Lateins: Als einziges Lexikon bezieht der Thesaurus alle überlieferten lateinischen Texte von den Anfängen bis 600 n. Chr. ein, berücksichtigt also neben der klassischen Latinität auch ausführlich die Besonderheiten der spätantiken und christlichen Texte. Untersucht werden nicht nur literarische Werke, sondern auch juristische und medizinische Gebrauchstexte, Inschriften, Graffiti und vieles mehr.

Die wissenschaftliche Zuverlässigkeit des Thesaurus konnte nicht durch die Revision bewährter Wörterbücher erreicht werden: Denn jahrhundertelang dienten Lateinlexika im Wesentlichen zur Verbesserung der aktiven Sprachbeherrschung, die nur an den besten Stilvorbildern (vor allem Cicero) geschult werden sollte. Um diese einseitige Sprachdarstellung zuverlässig korrigieren zu können, wurde ein Neubeginn nötig.

The Thesaurus linguae Latinae is the most authoritative dictionary of ancient Latin. It is the only lexicon to cover all surviving Latin texts from the earliest times down to AD 600. Therefore it not only takes account of classical Latin but also treats in detail the special features of the language of late antiquity and Christian texts. As well as literary works, it examines medical and legal manuals, inscriptions, graffiti and many other types of text.

The reliability and scholarly standards of the Thesaurus were impossible to achieve with a mere revision of the tried and tested dictionaries of the past. For centuries, Latin dictionaries were mainly seen as tools for improving the active mastery of the language. This meant that they were based on the most highly regarded stylistic models, above all, on Cicero. To correct this one-sided presentation of the language, a new beginning was needed.

• Das Projekt
• Über den TLL
• Organisation
• Mitarbeiter
• Nachwuchsförderung
• Publikationen
• TLL digital
• Hilfsmittel für Benutzer
• FAQ
• Medienarchiv
• Downloadbereich
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• Summerschool
• Ihr Besuch
• Kontakt

• Deutsch
• English

Hier finden Sie den den Index librorum.

• A
• a – adli [ThLL I col. 1-724]
• adluc – agoge [ThLL I col. 725-1410]
• agogima – Amyzon [ThLL I col. 1411-2032]
• an – Artigi [ThLL II col. 1-706]
• artigraphia – Aves [ThLL II col. 707-1324]
• Avesica – Azzi [ThLL II col. 1325-1646]
• B-C
• b – Byzeres [ThLL II col. 1647-2270]
• c – celebro [ThLL III col. 1-748]
• celebrum – coevangelista [ThLL III col. 749-1444]
• coeuntia – comus [ThLL III col. 1445-2186]
• con – controversus [ThLL IV col. 1-788]
• controverto – cyulus [ThLL IV col. 789-1594]
• D
• d – deopto [ThLL V 1 col. 1-558]
• deorata – diffidus [ThLL V 1 col. 559-1102]
• diffindentia – dogarius [ThLL V 1 col. 1103-1812]
• dogma – dze [ThLL V 1 col. 1813-2334]
• E
• e – ergenna [ThLL V 2 col. 1-758]
• erginario – excolligo [ThLL V 2 col. 759-1276]
• excolo – exquiro [ThLL V 2 col. 1277-1822]
• exquisitim – eozani [ThLL V 2 col. 1823-2134]
• F-H
• f – firmitas [ThLL VI 1 col. 1-808]
• firmiter – fysis [ThLL VI 1 col. 809-1664]
• g – gytus [ThLL VI 2 col. 1665-2388]
• h – hieranthemis [ThLL VI 3 col. 2389-2780]
• hierarchia – hystrix [ThLL VI 3 col. 2781-3166]
• I-K
• i – inaures [ThLL VII 1 col. 1-840]
• inauricula – inhonestitas [ThLL VII 1 col. 841-1596]
• inhonesto – intervulsus [ThLL VII 1 col. 1597-2304]
• intestabilis – kyrie [ThLL VII 2 col. 1-760]
• L-O
• l – librariolus [ThLL VII 2 col. 761-1346]
• librarium – lyxipyretos [ThLL VII 2 col. 1347-1952]
• m – meocarius [ThLL VIII col. 1-786]
• meoculos – mogilalus [ThLL VIII col. 787-1332]
• moincipium – myzon [ThLL VIII col. 1333-1764]
• o – omnividens [ThLL IX 2 col. 1-624]
• omnividentia – ozynosus [ThLL IX 2 col. 625-1216]
• P
• p – paternaliter [ThLL X 1 col. 1-694]
• paterne – perimelides [ThLL X 1 col. 695-1472]
• perimetros – piceno [ThLL X 1 col. 1473-2074]
• picercula – porrus [ThLL X 1 col. 2075-2780]
• porta – praefinitivus [ThLL X 2 col. 1-644]
• praefinitus – primaevitas [ThLL X 2 col. 645-1232]
• primaevus – propello [ThLL X 2 col. 1233-1970]
• propemodum – pyxodes [ThLL X 2 col. 1971-2798]
• Onomasticon C-D
• C – Cyzistra [ThLL Onom. II col. 1-814]
• D – Dzoni [ThLL Onom. III col. 1-280]

Das Onomasticon zu A & B wurde zusammen mit den Appellativa in ThLL I-II veröffentlicht. Im Moment arbeiten wir an N (Band IX/1) und R (Band XI/2). Hier werden neue Faszikel mit einer moving wall veröffentlicht, die mit unserem Verlag De Gruyter abgestimmt ist.

Glossa: [a latin dictionary]

Glossa: [a latin dictionary]

Glossa is a Latin dictionary based on A Latin Dictionary: Founded on Andrews' Edition of Freund's Latin Dictionary: Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D (commonly referred to as Lewis and Short). Published in 1879, this work is now in the public domain.

Version Notes: This release, 0.2 alpha, is very preliminary. Editing is still taking place. If you would like to help with this editing (or if you see something that needs to be corrected) please see the "Contribute" section under the "Glossa" menu. Version .2 alpha fixes the bug in .1 alpha that caused words that begin with capital letters to be mis-alphabetized. If you currently have Glossa installed, you'll need to uninstall before installing the new version.

The Online Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

 [First posted in AWOL 8 February 2010, updated 27 February 2019]

The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

A new dictionary of the Aramaic language, entitled The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, is currently in preparation by an international team of scholars, with headquarters at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio USA. This major scholarly reference work covers all dialects and periods of ancient Aramaic, one of the principal languages of antiquity, with a literature of central importance for history and civilization, and especially for the Jewish and Christian religions.

Why a New Lexicon?

Many dictionaries of some part of Aramaic exist, but individually and as a whole they are inadequate in important ways. Lexical treatment of Aramaic has been fragmented. Existing dictionaries treat one dialect, or one body of literature, but not the whole language. It is as though we had a dictionary of Shakespeare, and one of Hemingway, without having a dictionary of English! An additional hurdle in the path of users is that Aramaic dictionaries are written in an imposing variety of living and dead languages: not only English but also German, French, Russian, and Latin! Many of the existing dictionaries do not come up to modern standards of accuracy, and practically all are seriously incomplete and out-of-date. Practically every area of Aramaic studies has been enriched by recent discoveries: new inscriptions, new papyri, new scrolls, and new fragments from the Cairo Genizah, a synagogue store-room where a trove of manuscripts was discovered in the 19th century. These recently discovered materials demand inclusion in a lexicon.

A Comprehensive Lexicon

The new lexicon is comprehensive in the following ways: 1) it includes all of ancient Aramaic, not just selected portions; 2) it is based on a new and thorough compilation of all Aramaic literature, not just on existing dictionaries; 3) it takes into account modern scholarly discussion of the Aramaic language.

Search the CAL lexical and textual databases

Search the CAL Bibliographic Archives

What is Aramaic?

What is CAL?

CAL Publications

Links

CAL BLOG

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Frequently Asked Questions

Who made the CAL?

How to Support the CAL Project

Arabic Ontology

Arabic Ontology

The Arabic Ontology

An Arabic Wordnet with ontologically-clean content. 
Classification of the meanings of the Arabic terms, based on state-of-art science, rather than on speakers' naïve knowledge, see[1].

150 Dictionaries

Multilingual dictionaries were digitized and integrated. Only the semantic features (definitions, synonyms, translations) are currently displayed, soon the morphological features.

 Ontology Top Levels

The top levels of the Arabic Ontology tree are the most abstract concepts in Arabic; they are philosophically and logically well defined. This figure shows only the top three levels.

VÉgA Vocabulaire de l’Égyptien Ancien - Vocabulary of Ancient Egyptian

VÉgA Vocabulaire de l’Égyptien Ancien - Vocabulary of Ancient Egyptian

VÉgA makes it possible to model and present the evolving knowledge of ancient Egyptian by bringing together and cross-checking the words, where they have appeared, the references, their hieroglyphic forms, as well as creating links to a collection of records related to the texts in question. VÉgA is accessible using a simple web browser. There are no other installation requirements. Its interface was custom-created for the Egyptologists allowing them to easily and quickly create interactive notes. You are experiencing a problem? Contact us at contact@vega-vocabulaire-egyptien-ancien.fr

• Access the tool
• The VÉgA
• The research project
• The Team
• Project news
• Media

Woodhouse English-Greek Dictionary

Woodhouse English-Greek Dictionary 
Search for headwords in the Woodhouse English-Greek Dictionary.

Searchable interface from the Duke Collaboratory for Classics Computing to S. C. Woodhouse. English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1910, which is available online in facsimile at The University of Chicago Library EOS (Electronic Open Stacks)

Words In Progress: Supplementary Lexicon of Ancient Greek

Words In Progress: Supplementary Lexicon of Ancient Greek

The WiP – Words in Progress website is an online freely consultable database that is continuously enriched. It represents an on-going supplement to the major currently used dictionaries of Ancient and Byzantine Greek and seeks to provide a scientific tool for scholars of Greek and more generally of the Ancient Greek and Latin world.

Drawing its inspiration from the over ten years of experience of PAWAG – Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek, of which the materials form the basis for the new website, Words in Progress aims to expand its objectives by detailing corrections and additions of many different kinds, in order to record recent progress in the updating and enlargement of lexica of Ancient and Byzantine Greek. Its primary focus of activity concerns the recording of new words, but attention is also devoted to previously unknown sources, novel acceptations and improvements of all kinds involving the entries in the main existing dictionaries.

WiP is open to collaboration and contributions from the scientific community: thus WiP welcomes any indications that would enhance the range of materials to be included in the database.

Registered users [Register] can propose new lemmata. For any other correction and suggestion, please use the Contacts on Aristarchus home page Contacts

WiP – Words in Progress è una banca dati online a libera consultazione che viene costantemente arricchita. Il sito rappresenta un supplemento in continua evoluzione ai principali dizionari di greco antico e bizantino esistenti; il progetto intende offrire uno strumento scientifico agli studiosi di lessicografia greca e più in generale del mondo classico.

Ispirato all’esperienza decennale del PAWAG – Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek, i cui materiali rappresentano le risorse di base del nuovo sito, Words in Progress mira a espandere il proprio raggio d’azione, segnalando correzioni e aggiunte di vario genere, per dar conto dei recenti progressi nel lavoro di aggiornamento e ampliamento dei lessici di greco antico e bizantino. L’attività principale del sito è incentrata sulla registrazione di nuove voci, ma un’attenzione particolare è rivolta anche alla segnalazione di fonti finora sconosciute, di nuovi inserimenti e di correzioni di vario genere relative ai lemmi presenti sui principali dizionari.

WiP è aperto alla collaborazione e ai contributi della comunità scientifica: per questo accoglie ogni indicazione che possa ampliare la gamma delle risorse da includere nella banca dati.

Gli utenti registrati [Registrati] possono proporre nuovi lemmi. Per qualsiasi altra correzione o segnalazione è possibile utilizzare il modulo contatti sulla home page di Aristarchus [Contatti]

• Aristarchus  [A]
• Database  [S]
• Font  [C]
• Help  [H]
• Web Accessibility  [Y]
• Register  [R]

• IT EN

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon: The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages

[First posted in AWOL 6 August 2015, updated 28 November 2017]

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon: The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages

Welcome to PIE Lexicon Pilot 1.1: The generative etymological dictionary of Anatolian languages.

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon is the generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages.

The current version, PIE Lexicon Pilot 1.1, presents digitally generated data of hundred most ancient Indo-European languages with three hundred new etymologies for Old Anatolian languages, Hitttite, Palaic, Cuneiform Luwian and Hieroglyphic Luwian, arranged under two hundred Indo-European roots.

The correspondences contain data of all fourteen sub-branches of the Indo-European languages, Albanian, Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Italic, Old Balkan (Satem), Old Balkan (Centum), Slavic and Tocharian.

The Anatolian etymologies have been chosen due to their particularly problematic nature, and in the absence of other criteria the selection is random. However, as all the oldest forms of the languages are represented in the data, the ancient languages still absent in PIE Lexicon are supplemented in the near future.

We use a set of sound laws of the Neogrammarians, the laryngeal theory and monolaryngealism critically revised and selected to form a consistent system in Pyysalo (2013), which allows a computer-generated derivation of the most important (ancient) Indo-European languages.

The derivation has been digitized by means of Foma, a programming language developed by Mans Hulden (2009). In Foma the Indo-European sound laws are equipped with their digital counterparts, which are then arranged in chronological order. After this a PIE reconstruction results in a respective Indo-European form, when the Foma script of that language is applied.

All Indo-European forms of PIE Lexicon are automatically generated from the proto-language, and if marked with black the generation is successful. Any errors in the derivation are marked with red, and the derivation of a form through successive sound laws is generated by clicking its PIE reconstruction (in blue).

The Proto-Indo-European Phoneme Inventory

• *o
• *e
• *ɑ
• *h
• *i
• *k
• *l
• *m
• *n
• *p
• *r
• *s
• *t
• *u
• *ō
• *ē
• *ɑ̄
• *ɦ
• *i̯
• *g
• *l̥
• *m̥
• *n̥
• *b
• *r̥
• *z
• *d
• *u̯

Show the entire data in a single page   |   Show all mismatches

Godmy's Searchable Digitized Latin & Greek Lexica

 [First posted in AWOL 11 June 2013, updated 4 October 2017]

Godmy's Searchable Digitized Latin & Greek Lexica

Lexica Latino-Graeca & Graeco-Latina:

1. Novum Lexicum Manuale Latino-Graecum & Graeco-Latinum (1767, ed. 1827, Benjamin Hedericus)
   - You can type the Greek with the Greek letters or you can type with the Latin letters, using the official Greek beta-code (see the picture): η = h; θ = q; χ = x; υ = u; ψ = y; ω = w; ξ = c
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
        Gr-Lat: The cover, preface and other pages    and    Lat-Gr: The cover, preface and other pages
2. Schrevelius: Lexicum Manuale Latino-Greacum & Graeco-Latinum (1654, ed. 1832, Cornelius Schrevelius)
   - You can type the Greek with the Greek letters or you can type with the Latin letters, using the official Greek beta-code (see the picture): η = h; θ = q; χ = x; υ = u; ψ = y; ω = w; ξ = c
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
   - Use the the arrow keys on your keyboard for easier navigation, if needed.
        Gr-Lat: The cover, preface and other pages

Scan: Google Books; Web/search tech. realization: Godmy; Idea, indexing of the pages, former tech. realization: Quasus

Lexica Graeca:

1. Etymological Dictionary of Ancient Greek (1860, F.E.J. Valpy)
   - You can type the Greek with the Greek letters or you can type with the Latin letters, using the official Greek beta-code (see the picture): η = h; θ = q; χ = x; υ = u; ψ = y; ω = w; ξ = c
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
        Appendix and alterations    and    The cover, preface and other pages

Scan: Google Books; Web/search tech. realization: Godmy

Lexica Latina:

1. Etymological Dictionary of Latin (1827, F.E.J. Valpy) + an appendix
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
   - An appendix is always accessible in the bottom of the page in cases, when you are required "to see an appendix"
        Additions and alterations    and    Preface

2. Forcellini: Lexicon Totius Latinitatis (Latino-Latinum) (1775, reprint 1940, Egidio Forcellini & Giuseppe Furlanetto)
   - In the search you have to make a distinction between J and I and U and V or it searches incorrectly!
   - Many thanks to Documenta Catholica Omnia which has supplied the PDF files and made them publicly available.
   - The indexing of the pages by Quasus.
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
        Cover pages

3. Saxo: Vademecum in opus Saxonis et alia opera Danica compendium ex indice verborum (La-La, MEDIAE Aetatis) (1998, Franz Blatt & Reimer Hemmingsen)    N E W
   - FULLY DIGITAL and more important: with a search engine (done by me)
   - This version has been digitized before (without a search engine) by the author of this website, to whom I owe my gratitude!
   - Iohannes Brunensis has let me know about its existence.
        Preface    and    Ad Usum    and    Index abbreviationum

4. Wagner: Lexicon Latinum (Thesaurus, Latino-Latinum) (1878, P. Franc Wagner)
   - The distinction between J and I and U and V has to be made in the search to get correct results!
   - Personal thanks to Iohannes Brunensis, without whose blog I would never know about this.
   - Big thanks to Documenta Catholica Omnia which has supplied the PDF file and made it publicly available.
   - There is always an option to go to the next/previous page on the bottom of the page
        Abbreviations & Cover page

Scan: Google Books (mostly); Indexing of the pages, tech. realization: Godmy; Original idea by: Q.

Other languages dictionaries

Lexica Latino-Bohemica & Bohemico-Latina:

1. Sedláček: Kapesní slovník latinsko-český a česko-latinský (1936, reprint 2011 Levné Knihy, Prof. Dr. J. Sedláček)
   - Češtinu pište s diakritikou! Jinak vám to bude hledat špatně.
   - Vždy vespod stránky jsou tlačítka next/previous page, kterými lze přejít na další nebo předchozí stránku ve slovníku
   - Jednalo se o scan reprintu kapesního vydání (na které se nevztahují již autorská práva), tudíž kvalita písma i při vysokém
    scanovacím rozlišení nemůže dosahovat kvalit standardních formátů.
   - Scan též lehce utrpěl na kvalitě nutným převodem do dvou barev: čené a bílé (z důvodu velikosti/rychlosti)
        Dodatky a opravy    a    Obálka knihy a další

2. Schenk: Slovník k Caesarovým pamětem o válce galské - latinsko-český (1921, Rudolf Schenk)
   - Nejčastější výrazy, slovesa a hlavně vlastní jména/jména kmenů použita v Caesarovi, nejedná se o klasický lat-čes slovník.
   - Vždy vespod stránky jsou tlačítka next/previous page, kterými lze přejít na další nebo předchozí stránku ve slovníku
   - Na tuto knihu se již nevztahují autorská Práva.
        Seznam použitých zkratek 1 a Seznam použitých zkratek 2    a    Obálka knihy a předmluva

Erichsen, W. Demotisches Glossar

Erichsen, W. Demotisches Glossar. Munksgaard, Kopenhagen 1954

Open Access Léxico de magia y religión en los papiros mágicos griegos (LMPG)

[First posted in AWOL 21 December 2012, updated 29 March 2017]

LMPG en línea (Léxico de magia y religión en los papiros mágicos griegos)

LMPG en línea es la edición digital del libro Léxico de magia y religión en los papiros mágicos griegos, obra de Luis Muñoz Delgado publicada en 2001 como Anejo V del Diccionario Griego-Español. Esta edición en línea está concebida como un paso más en el proyecto de digitalización de nuestras publicaciones. Ha sido realizada a partir de la conversión en XML del Léxico, con una estructura acorde con las recomendaciones de la TEI P5.

Los papiros mágicos griegos, que se sitúan cronológicamente entre los siglos II a.C. y V d.C., ofrecen un amplio e impresionante panorama sobre las prácticas mágico-religiosas en el Egipto greco-romano. En este léxico vienen recogidos y estudiados más de dos mil quinientos términos relacionados con la magia y la religión atestiguados en estos documentos, tal y como se encuentran recogidos en las ediciones de K. Preisendanz (Papyri Graecae Magicae) y de R. Daniel y F. Maltomini (Supplementum Magicum). También han sido tenidos en cuenta algunos papiros editados con posterioridad a esta última edición. Para más información sobre el planteamiento y contenido de este Léxico remitimos a la Introducción a cargo del autor.

En su contribución al volumen The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology (ed. R.S. Bagnall, Oxford, O.U.P., 2009, pp.644-660), titulada «The Future of Papyrology», Peter van Minnen señala (p. 652), junto a la presencia del corpus de Preisendanz en el Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, la existencia de este léxico, si bien lamenta que, en su versión impresa, no resulte tan útil como una “fully searchable database”. Esperamos que LMPG en línea constituya un avance significativo en esta dirección para los estudios papirológicos y sobre la magia y la religión griega en general.

LMPG en línea es un recurso open access, siguiendo la política institucional del CSIC, que en 2006 suscribió la Declaración de Berlín sobre el acceso abierto al conocimiento en las Humanidades y las Ciencias.

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