Friday, July 26, 2024

Ancient Caucasian and Related Material in The British Museum

w Curtis, John and
Kruszynski, Mirosla

 


The Caucasus region, sandwiched between the Black Sea to the west and the Caspian Sea to the east, traditionally marks the boundary between Europe to the north and Asia to the south. This catalogue gathers together ancient Caucasian and related material in the British Museum, most of which is now in the Department of the Ancient Near East. The objects include items of jewellery, weapons, pottery, figurines and other miscellaneous artefacts, but it does not include Greek and Roman objects, coins, or material of early Christian date. The catalogue has been divided into four parts, covering the Central Caucasus (and The Koban Culture), Transcaucasia, objects of general Caucasian type, and objects that may be loosely associated with the Scythians. An introduction offers a short overview of the geography and history of the region, from prehistory to the advent of the Christianity.

 

 

Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Glyphs and Stamp Seals in the British Museum

Denham, Simon

Stamp seals were used in a similar way to modern signet rings: a negative object used to impress a design into another material, often clay. They appeared around 7000 BC and have remained in use in parts of the world continuously until the present day. This volume focuses on the British Museum’s collection of Middle Eastern Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic (~7000–5000 BC) seals used in modern-day Syria, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. In addition to a catalogue that includes all provenanced examples of stamp seals from this period in the British Museum’s collection, the volume presents a new interpretation of these intriguing objects by discussing the role of seals in prehistoric society. It looks at how the seals were used and why they were made, emphasising that whereas previous studies have assessed stamp seals as largely administrative objects, they should be interpreted in their own, Neolithic, context.

 

New Open Access Journal: Climates and Cultures in History

Climates and Cultures in History

 

Climates and Cultures in History is a fully Open Access journal addressing the social, cultural, political and economic dimensions of climatic variability in human history around the world.

See AWOL's full List of Open Access Journals in Ancient Studies

 

La série Gonio Apsaros

La série გონიო-აფსაროსი / Gonios-Apsarus consacrée au site homonyme est partiellement en ligne. Elle rassemble des articles sur les fouilles de ce site.

Le volume X : https://ajaraheritage.ge/files/downloads/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%20X.pdf

Le volume XI (2021) : https://ajaraheritage.ge/files/downloads/gonio%20krebuli%202021_compressed.pdf

Le volume XII (2023) : https://ajaraheritage.ge/files/downloads/2024/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98XII.pdf

 

Thursday, July 25, 2024

Sicily: Heritage of the World

Booms, Dirk and  Higgs, Peter John

The island of Sicily is at the heart of the Mediterranean and from ancient times to the present day it has been a hub of migration and settlement. Following on from the British Museum’s critically acclaimed 2016 exhibition Sicily: culture and conquest, this volume considers the history and material culture of the different peoples occupying Sicily at key points in the island’s history. With contributions from international experts in the field, the volume presents new insights into the economy, architecture and social identity of the island, including research on recently excavated sites. The result is a rich collection of essays that provides a comprehensive overview of this cosmopolitan island’s unique identity and its significance in a wider Mediterranean context.

 

 

 

 


An Etruscan Affair: The Impact of Early Etruscan Discoveries on European Culture

Swadling, Judith

This volume considers how the discovery of Etruscan sites and artefacts has inspired artists, architects, statesmen, collectors, scholars and travellers to Italy from the 16th through to the 20th century, from Ferdinando de' Medici to Piranesi and Federico Fellini. Subjects include the reclaiming of Etruscan identity and its influence on Italian political history, the collecting and reproduction of Etruscan artefacts, as well as new insights into the lives and activities of early British Etruscologists and the pleasures and perils which they encountered on their travels. Other essays look at Etruscan concepts in jewellery, gems and pottery. The extent of Etruscan influence on European culture has often been underestimated, but still less well known till now is how knowledge of certain aspects of Etruscan civilisation spread to the United States of America, as demonstrated, for example, by the tomb of a Civil War officer which was inscribed with an intriguing Etruscan-like inscription.

 

 

 

Perseus News: Problems with Perseus 4 and work towards Perseus 6

Problems with Perseus 4 and work towards Perseus 6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gregory CraneJuly 23, 2024

All users of the current Perseus Digital Library (Perseus 4: the Hopper) will have experienced frustrating error messages. Tufts runs Perseus on multiple virtual machines. Tufts moved Perseus to new real machines and that may have contributed to the issue (although it is not clear to us why simply moving to new hardware will have caused problems when the virtual machines have not changed). We have, however, also found that these virtual machines have experienced unusual spikes in traffic and the local server logs have actually filled up the local servers, causing them to freeze. Our collaborator on this at Tufts has been very helpful but is on vacation for the next couple of weeks. The Crowdstrike disaster from last week also was a major drain on the Tufts’ system administrators who are here (2,000 Tufts Windows machines were affected). We will do what we can with those who are available as quickly as possible. We apologize for the disruptions that all of us experience. 

The Scaife Viewer does not offer all the services to which Perseus users are accustomed but it does provide basic access to a large body of Greek and Latin texts and translations. The Perseus 4 Greek and Roman collection page also contains links to the Scaife versions.

Our main focus is, and has been for the last two years, creating a new version of Perseus, which we consider to be Perseus 6. Where the Scaife Viewer, built on a new code base, provided us with a much more easily expanded framework for publishing core textual data, a NEH Digital Humanities Grant allowed us to develop Beyond Translation and, in so doing, to learn how to integrate many types of data, including classes of annotation (such as Treebanks and Translation Alignments). We view Scaife and Beyond Translation together as a Perseus 5.0. You can see features implemented in Beyond Translation and read a white paper about the work that has been done.

 Support from the NEH Humanities Collections and Reference Resources program has provided support to integrate the scalability of the Scaife Viewer with the flexibility of Beyond Translation.  We are fifteen months into this new three year Perseus on the Web: preparing for the next Thirty Years.

We are moving as quickly as we can (and have accelerated our work to the extent possible)  to complete a working version of Perseus 6. Our lead collaborator, James Tauber of Signum University, has made great progress on a backend that can manage the data in Scaife and Beyond Translation and that can be rapidly expanded. He is moving to the frontend. We hope to begin replacing components of Perseus 4 in the coming month.  We are currently planning to test a prototype version of the Perseus Word Study Tool. 

Looking further down the line (and beyond what we can do in our current project), the next step for Perseus would be to create what we are calling a Portable Perseus. This would be a version of Perseus based on the simplest technology base possible. This would not even require a database – all links and all visualizations would be pre-computed. The Canadian Endings Project has proposed restricting implementation to widely supported technologies such as HTML5, CSS and Javascript (without dependence on libraries that may cease to run over time). The price would be flexibility: you would only be able to perform functions that we had anticipated and run services that we could implement in this simpler ecosystem. At the same time, we believe we can represent the vast majority of services from Perseus 4 in such a minimal computing framework. Such a version of Perseus could be downloaded and run locally. It would be much faster and would be structured to run for a very long time without needing to be modified. David Mimno first developed Perseus 4 in 2003 and Bridget Almas completed work on the current version ten years later in 2013. Our hope is that a Portable Perseus could run much longer.

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Associations, Funds and Societies for the Archaeological Exploration of the ‘Ancient Near East’ Edited by Thomas L. Gertzen and Olaf Matthes

Edited by Thomas L. Gertzen and Olaf Matthes
Oriental Societies and Societal Self-Assertion

Investigatio Orientis 10

2024  

323 Seiten / 17 x 24 cm / Hardcover, Fadenheftung

ISBN 978-3-96327-248-6 (Buch)

ISBN 978-3-96327-249-3 (E-Book, via ProQuest, EBSCO, ISD)

open access: ISBN 978-3-96327-249-4-InOr-10-Oriental-Societies.pdf

Mit der rasch zunehmenden wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des Bürgertums ab etwa 1870 wurden in Europa und Amerika private Vereine, Fonds und Gesellschaften gegründet, um archäologische Expeditionen in die „Länder der Bibel“ zu finanzieren, die staatliche Institutionen wie Universitäten und Museen sowie Akademien der Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften ergänzten.

Die Erforschung der Geschichte des Alten Orients diente von Anfang an der Reflexion des „westlichen“ Selbstverständnisses und lieferte die Grundlage für die Projektion der Weltanschauung. Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Professionalisierung archäologischer Disziplinen ermöglichten Gelehrtengesellschaften auch Laien, Amateuren und Dilettanten die Teilnahme an wissenschaftlichen Debatten und die Verbreitung bestimmter konzeptioneller Rahmen dessen, was als „Alter Orient“ wahrgenommen wurde.

Hinter der Bewegung standen unterschiedliche Motivationen, aber auch jeweilige „nationale“ Kulturen in der Wissenschaft. Obwohl wirtschaftliche und strategische Interessen in diesem „Zeitalter des Imperiums“ eine entscheidende Rolle spielten, sollte der Historiker andere Faktoren nicht ignorieren. Angesichts der zentralen Bedeutung des alten Nahen Ostens als „Wiege“ von nicht weniger als drei Weltreligionen sowie der frühesten Staaten und sogar Imperien der Weltgeschichte wurde es für europäische und andere „westliche“ Nationen zu einer Prestigefrage, ihre Museen mit Objekten aus dieser fernen Vergangenheit zu füllen – Objekte, die mit den Ursprüngen ihrer „eigenen“ Kultur, wie sie sie wahrnahmen, in Zusammenhang standen.

Darüber hinaus darf die exotische Anziehungskraft des „Orients“ nicht vergessen werden, denn er diente als Mittel der Selbstbestätigung in Abgrenzung zum orientalischen „Anderen“, und legitimierte die koloniale Ausbeutung und die Semantik einer „Bürde des weißen Mannes“, eine zivilisierende „Mission“ und eine kulturelle Verantwortung für den Orient aus sich zu nehmen.

Nach den vielen politischen Umwälzungen infolge des Ersten Weltkriegs entstanden neue Vereinsformen, um den Verlust staatlicher Mittel auszugleichen, aber auch um den Verlust zuvor fest verankerter Weltanschauungen zu beheben.

Eine systematische und transnationale Untersuchung dieser Zusammenhänge bleibt ein Desiderat. Dieser Band mit Beiträgen von Historikern und Archäologen sowie Vertretern anderer Disziplinen aus verschiedenen Ländern bietet die Grundlage für einen wirklich interdisziplinären Diskurs, der sich auf orientalische Gesellschaften als Mittel gesellschaftlicher Selbstbehauptung konzentriert.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Editor’s Foreword

Christoph Jahr: Europe and the Orient: Bourgeois Scholarship and Imperial Sense of Mission in the Long 19th Century

Part I: Early Encounters

Marco Bonechi: The Rise and Fall of the Società Asiatica Italiana

Felicity Cobbing: The Motivations of the Palestine Exploration Fund: Hidden and not-so Hidden Agendas at Work in a Learned Society in the Late 19th Century

Stefania Ermidoro: The “Assyrian Society” and the Early Exploration of Ancient Mesopotamia

Part II: Imperial Self-Reflections

Sebastiaan R. L. Berntsen: The Sichem Committee: A Case Study of Dutch Private Sponsorship of Near Eastern Archaeology

Silvia Alaura: Oriental Societies and Hittite Studies in Victorian England: Tracing the History of an Entangled Relationship

Reiko Maejima: Babylon Society, a Private Japanese Association in the Early Years of the 20th Century

Part III: Egyptian Stakeholders

Marleen De Meyer, Jean-Michel Bruffaerts and Jan Vandersmissen: The Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth in Belgium and the Creation of National and Transnational Egyptological Research Infrastructures in the 1920s–1940s

Stephanie L. Boonstra: Fundraising for Amarna: Evidence from the EES Archive

Thomas L. Gertzen: Jews excavating in Egypt? An Archaeological Endeavour of the Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens

Part IV: Absences and Adaptions

Katalin A. Kóthay: Hungarian Archaeological Presence and Absence in Egypt and the Orient at the End of the Long 19th Century and during the Interwar Period

Hana Navratilova: Bohemian Absences: The Academy of Sciences in Prague and the Network of European Institutions Involved in Archaeological Research in Egypt in the 1900s

Willemijn Waal: From Wish to Reality. The Foundation and Early Years of the Netherlands Institute for the Near East (NINO)

Carolien H. van Zoest: Overview of Societies and Initiatives in the Netherlands in the 20th Century

Olaf Matthes: Financing Babylon. The German Oriental Society and its Funding System

Illustration Credits

Index

 

 

Wednesday, July 24, 2024

Acropolis Restored

Bouras, Charalambos;  Ioannidou, Maria; Jenkins, Ian 

Published to mark the completion of a 35-year long study and restoration of the magnificent buildings on the Athens Acropolis. The individual contributors tell the story for an English reading audience of the dedicated and detailed efforts to understand the work of previous generations on the Acropolis and then to restore the buildings as nearly as possible to their original architectural state. The result is a story of engagement with the extraordinary problems associated with these world heritage monuments and the challenges to preserve and present them for future generations. Published in association with the Acropolis Restoration Service (YSMA).

 

 

Kom Firin II: The Urban Fabric and Landscape

Spencer, Neal 

Kom Firin, a large settlement site in the western Nile Delta, was the subject of British Museum archaeological fieldwork between 2002 and 2011. This second and final monograph presents the results of excavations in the Citadel, an area of Late Period occupation, and within the northeastern corner of the Ramesside enclosure, along with artefact and ceramic assemblages from both areas. Further chapters are dedicated to the Ramesside enclosure, the later temple temenoi, faunal remains from the excavations and the ancient landscape. A final chapter considers the modern context in which this fieldwork took place and the attitudes of inhabitants to the ancient remains.

Kom Firin I: The Ramesside Temple and the Site Survey

Spencer, Neal

First monograph on the British Museum fieldwork at Kom Firin in Egypt’s Nile Delta, a settlement created around the time of Ramses II, and occupied until late Antiquity. This volume focuses on the survey and remote sensing of the site, along with a full publication of the Ramesside temple.

L'archivio di Patermouthis

Livia Briasco, Anita Skalec
L'archivio di Patermouthis

L’archivio di Patermouthis (fine V-inizi VII secolo), che coinvolge numerosi soldati dell’unità militare dislocata a Syene non solo come attori delle transazioni registrate ma anche come scribi e sottoscrittori, ha già attirato l’attenzione degli studiosi. In questo volume, però, le autrici forniscono una analisi complessiva e per certi versi inedita dei documenti greci dell’archivio nei loro aspetti materiali e formali, con interesse specifico per le scelte relative a scrittura, formato, layout, uso di segni e simboli, non prive di implicazioni nella prassi documentaria. L’introduzione tiene conto delle premesse metodologiche del lavoro all’interno del progetto ERC NOTAE di cui questo volume è frutto, mentre le due successive sezioni si servono dell’approccio paleografico e diplomatistico in continuo dialogo tra di loro e nel confronto con la documentazione proveniente da altre località, più centrali, dell’Egitto e non.

 Accesso Open AccessQuesta opera è in Open Access

Licenza: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International

Pagine xxiv-352 (18 tavv.)

ISBN 9788893598873

Anno 2024

DOI 10.57601/TT_246

Numero in collana 246

 

Tuesday, July 23, 2024

The Hay Archive of Coptic Spells on Leather: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Materiality of Magical Practice

O'Connell, Elisabeth

The Hay archive of Coptic manuscripts consists of seven fragmentary sheets of leather bearing spells for divination, protection, healing, personal advancement, cursing and the satisfaction of sexual desire. Purchased from the heir of the Scottish Egyptologist and draftsman, Robert Hay (1799–1863), the manuscripts arrived at the British Museum in 1869. Since they were first published in the 1930s, they were understood to be the work of a single copyist writing around AD 600 in the Theban region of upper Egypt. The present volume has confirmed, nuanced, or challenged these assessments on the basis of scientific analysis and close study of the manuscripts.

Prompted by the urgent conservation needs of the corpus, this study seeks to provide a model integrated approach to the publication of ancient texts as archaeological objects by providing a full record of provenance and collection history; scientific analysis; conservation approach and treatment; a new complete edition and translation of the Coptic texts; and an extended discussion of the cultural context of production. Written on poorly processed calf, sheep and goat skin, the manuscripts were copied by multiple non-professional writers in the 8th–9th centuries. Employing a striking combination of ancient Egyptian, Graeco-Roman, biblical and extra-biblical motifs, their contents represent a Christian milieu making use of the mechanics of earlier ‘magical’ practice in a period well after the arrival of Islam.

 

Recent Discoveries of Tetrarchic Hoards from Roman Britain and their Wider Context

Ghey, Eleanor 

This volume was prompted by the recent discovery in Britain of two large coin hoards dating from the first decade of the fourth century AD – Wold Newton and Rauceby. Coins of this early Tetrarchic period are relatively uncommon finds in Britain and elsewhere, due mainly to the brevity of their periods of issue followed by successive reductions in the weight of the coinage. The book also republishes the 1944 Fyfield hoard within the context of these more recent finds and contains preliminary reports on two very large hoards of coins of the same period that have been found in recent years in France (Juillac) and Spain (Tomares).

The transition from the third to fourth century AD is a pivotal phase in the history of Roman Britain, with Britain reintegrated into the Empire following periods of turbulence and usurper rule between AD 260−296. The Roman Emperor Diocletian instigated the Tetrarchic system of rule in AD 293 to create stability, with the rule of the western and eastern Empire being split between two senior emperors and their two junior colleagues. During this transitional period, the Empire was subjected to extensive monetary reforms, which saw the introduction of the denomination now referred to as the nummus, and a Roman Imperial mint was established in Britain for the first time, in London. The volume therefore covers not just the hoards themselves, but also considers the wider significance of these hoards for Britain and the early fourth century monetary economy, particularly in the western Empire.

 

La civilisation grecque dans le Pont Ouest et son impact sur le monde autochtone (VIIe-IVe s. a.C.)

Buzoianu, L. (2001) : Civilizația greacă în zona vest-pontică și impactul ei asupra lumii autohtone (sec. vii-iv a. Chr.), Constanta [La civilisation grecque dans le Pont Ouest et son impact sur le monde autochtone (VIIe-IVe s. a.C.)].

Cet ouvrage, s’intéresse aux relations entre les Grecs et les populations autochtones en Dobroudja entre le VIIe et le IVe s., c’est-à-dire la période de colonisation.

L’ouvrage en ligne : https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=2343-civilizatia-greaca-in-zona-vest-pontica-si-impactul-ei-asupra-lumii-autohtone-secolele-vii-iv-a-chr

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Ancient Synagogues in Palestine: A Re-evaluation Nearly a Century After Sukenik's Schweich Lectures

Jodi Magness
Cover for 

Ancient Synagogues in Palestine

Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology

  • Accessible to non-specialists through its introduction and historiography
  • Provides fine-grained archaeological analyses of excavated synagogues
  • Revises Sukenik's typology and chronology of Jewish communities living under Christian rule
  • Available as an Open Acess title under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license

Dozens of ancient synagogues have been discovered around the Mediterranean, most of which date to the fourth-sixth centuries CE and are concentrated in Palestine. In the 1930 Schweich Lectures, Eleazar Lipa Sukenik established a typology and chronology for these buildings. Ancient Synagogues in Palestine evaluates Sukenik's conclusions in light of new discoveries since his time. It opens with an overview of ancient synagogues in the region, followed by a survey of the historiography of the study of these buildings, highlighting its ideological roots in the early Zionist movement. In the final chapters, Magness examines the evidence for the dating of the synagogues at Khirbet Wadi Hamam and Capernaum, arguing that different synagogue types overlapped and were contemporary to the fourth-sixth centuries CE instead of being sequential, as Sukenik thought. This conclusion contradicts a widely accepted view that late antique Jewish communities in Palestine suffered and declined under supposedly oppressive Christian rule.

List of Illustrations
Preface
1. Ancient Synagogues in Palestine: An Overview
2. The History and Historiography of Archaeological Research on Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and the Chronology of the Galilean Type
3. The Date of the Khirbet Wadi Hamam Synagogue(s): An Analysis
4. Capernaum
Endnotes
References (Works Cited)
Index