In the second century, Valentinians and other gnosticizing Christians used numerical structures and symbols to describe God, interpret the Bible, and frame the universe. In this study of the controversy that resulted, Joel Kalvesmaki shows how earlier neo-Pythagorean and Platonist number symbolism provided the impetus for this theology of arithmetic, and describes the ways in which gnosticizing groups attempted to engage both the Platonist and Christian traditions. He explores the rich variety of number symbolism then in use, among both gnosticizing groups and their orthodox critics, demonstrating how those critics developed an alternative approach to number symbolism that would set the pattern for centuries to come. Arguing that the early dispute influenced the very tradition that inspired it, Kalvesmaki explains how, in the late third and early fourth centuries, numbers became increasingly important to Platonists, who engaged in arithmological constructions and disputes that mirrored the earlier Christian ones
Available for purchase in print via Harvard University Press.
Kalvesmaki, Joel. 2013. The Theology of Arithmetic: Number Symbolism in Platonism and Early Christianity. Hellenic Studies Series 59. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_KalvesmakiJ.The_Theology_of_Arithmetic.2013.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 License.
- pp. 1-4: Front matter
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18344
Section 1.
Monastic Literature in Early Islamic Palestine and Sinai: Manuscripts, Scribes, Translators, Authors, and Later Readers
ed. Adrian C. Pirtea
- pp. 7-14: Monastic Literature in Early Islamic Palestine and Sinai:
Studies on Manuscripts, Scribes, Translators, Authors, and Later
Readers. An Introduction (Adrian C. Pirtea)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18346 - pp. 15-57: Building a Christian Arabic Library at Mount Sinai: The
Scribe Thomas of Fusṭāṭ and the Manuscripts of His Workshop (Peter
Tarras)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18348 - pp. 59-89: Scribes, Owners, and their Multilingual Annotations in
the Byzantine Euchologia of Saint Catherine’s Monastery (Giulia
Rossetto)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18350 - pp. 91-115: ‘Inhabiting the Word of the Other’: Linguistic
Hospitality, Early Christian Arabic Psalters, and the Functions of
Bilingual Manuscripts (Miriam L. Hjälm)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18352 - pp. 117-139: From Greek into Arabic through a Syriac Intermediary: New Evidence from Palestinian Hagiography (André Binggeli)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18354 - pp. 141-171: St Macarius the Great at Mar Saba: Melkite Syriac, Arabic and Georgian Translations of the Corpus Macarianum in Early Islamic Palestine and Sinai (Adrian C. Pirtea)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18356 - pp. 173-208: A Ninth-Century Arabic Christian Refutation of the ‘Eternalists’: David of Damascus’ Homily on Palm Sunday (Alexander Treiger)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18358
Section 2.
Regular Issue
Articles and notes
- pp. 211-230: Moses bar Kepha’s Book of Homilies: Manuscripts and Contents (J. F. Coakley)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18360 - pp. 231-241: The Lamentation of the Flesh (Saqoqāwa Śǝgā): An Ethiopic Penitential Hymn and Companion Text to the Lamentation of the Soul (Saqoqāwa Nafs) (Augustine Dickinson)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18362 - pp. 243-264: The Qôf Dĕḇûqâ: The Origins and Original Meaning of the Joined Qôf (Marc Michaels)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18364 - pp. 265-288: Tools, Tricks, and Techniques: Managing the Manuscripts of Chrysostom’s Homilies on Romans (Peter Montoro and Robert Turnbull)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18366
Conference reports
- pp. 289-291: Ethiopic Hagiographic Literature: Manuscript Tradition,
Textual Transmission, Motifs and Use (University of Hamburg, 8–9
October 2024) (Vitagrazia Pisani)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18368 - pp. 291-293: The Visual Scribe: Tables and Diagrams in Middle Eastern Manuscripts (Berlin, 10–11 April 2025) (Red.)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18370 - pp. 293-294: Legal Texts on the Move: Normative Texts Crossing
Boundaries in the Medieval World (4–5 September 2025, Vienna) (Red.)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18372 - pp. 295: Scribes and Hands. Old and New Methods of Scribal Identification (800–1550) (Vienna, 17–19 September 2025) (Red.)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18374 - pp. 295-297: Lire et commenter les Pères de l’Eglise, de l’Antiquité
tardive à la Renaissance (Université de Fribourg, 15–18 October 2025)
(Red.)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18376 - pp. 297-298: Interpreting the Ancients (Philadelphia, 20–22 November 2025) (Red.)
DOI: 10.25592/uhhfdm.18380





