Published
December 2, 2025Series
Bibliographic Information and Reviews
Copyright (c) 2025 Deutsches Archäologisches InstitutDetails about this monograph
ISBN-13 (15)
973-3-447-12377-8The two volumes contain the results of research into the economic basis of the ancient municipium Flavium Muniguense/Munigua, modern Mulva, conducted since the year 2000.
In this context, the question of economic foundations proves above all to be a question of the exploitation and processing of its mineral resources, namely copper (until the middle of the 1st century AD), which was then replaced by iron. Thus, the frequency of slag finds—already noted by the first scholars in the 18th century—gave rise to the assumption that ore smelting constituted the basis of the economic existence not only of the Flavian municipium, but already of the pre-Roman settlement as well. The primary aim of the project presented here was therefore to finally test this hypothesis and to place it within its broader context. In order to adequately assess the role of metallurgy within the urban economy, the investigation focused first and foremost on the type of ore processed, its provenance, and the production process in terms of its economic significance for the city.
Although this question stands at the center of the work, in the course of the investigation it was expanded through a broad approach to encompass the entire economy of the ancient city: officinae ferrariae and aerariae, metalla, lapicidinae, and fundi. The core of the volume is formed by the catalogue of sites. This resulted in the structure of the volume, which therefore includes the quarries together with water management, land use together with agriculture, and mining together with infrastructure, as well as the archaeologically attested commercial activities related to work within the city, including corresponding studies of amphorae as indicators of trade and of the coin finds. A wide range of scientific investigations and analyses complement the picture.
Two chapters with an overarching perspective precede this central block—such as the chapter on the geological conditions—and follow it, such as the chapter on the settlement history of the region of the lower Guadalquivir valley. Finally, the last chapter attempts a synthesis in the form of a comprehensive and multifaceted presentation of the results. As it becomes apparent, this is an economic model that places the city at its center. The facilities for further processing are located there, while the deposits themselves lie in the surrounding countryside. The production chain is differentiated; various actors are involved who evidently operate on their own account, resulting in mutual dependencies. In the end, the product—the metal ingot—is distributed through networks and possibly even sold across the Mediterranean, networks that function through family relationships. An economic model emerges that appears to be typical of the many small cities of Hispania and can be seen as complementary to the well-known model of villa-based agriculture. While the latter was introduced with Romanization, older, pre-Roman traditions may be reflected in the Munigua model. In any case, the balanced functioning involving many actors argues for a long period of formation and development.
Chapters
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Vorwort
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I Einführung und Forschungsgeschichte
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II Erdgeschichtliche Voraussetzungen. Lagerstätten. Bergbau. Schlacke
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III Prospektion im Umland
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IV Bergbau und Metallurgie
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A Kupfer-, Eisenbergbau und Metallurgie
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B Die Funde aus Schnitt 438 in der Schlackenhalde Nord
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C Kupferschlacken von La Pepa/Munigua
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D Ein Seigerofen in Munigua?
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E IP-Geoelektrik in Munigua zur Erkundung der Schlackenhalden
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V Stein als Baumaterial und Wasserwirtschaft
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A Steinbrüche
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B Lithothek
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C Marmor in Munigua
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D Geologische Herkunft der verwendeten Steine
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E Wasserbewirtschaftung
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VI Bodennutzung, die natürlichen Voraussetzungen
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A Geoarchäologische Pilotuntersuchungen im Umfeld des municipium Flavium Muniguense
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B Die Kulturlandschaft um Munigua. Eine Annäherung aus der Botanik
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C Zur Fauna. Zusammenfassung der bisherigen einschlägigen Forschungsergebnisse (J. Boessneck, A. van den Driesch und K. Kerth)
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VII Montanwirtschaft und Infrastruktur
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A Die Entwicklung des römischen Bergwesens in Munigua
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B Funde und Eisenmetallurgie im Umland Muniguas in islamischer Zeit
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C Nachantike und mittelalterliche Epochen
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D Wege. Zu den methodischen Grundlagen der Wegefindung
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E Wege um Munigua
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F Gebäudebestand
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G Geophysikalische Untersuchungen auf dem Südhang des hispano-römischen Munizipiums Munigua
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VIII Zur Geschichte des Gebietes von Munigua unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Besiedlung sowie seiner natürlichen Ressourcen namentlich seiner Metallvorkommen
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A Neue prähistorische Fundplätze von Jägern und Sammlern im Umland von Mulva/Munigua
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B Das Chalkolithikum im Guadalquivirmündungsgebiet
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C Besiedlung und Bewirtschaftung des Gebietes von Munigua in der Bronzezeit
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D Die vorrömische Eisenzeit in montanarchäologischer Hinsicht
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E Das vorkaiserzeitlich-turdetanische Munigua
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F Munigua und die benachbarten römischen Städte im mittleren Guadalquvir-Tal
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G Das Gebiet von Munigua zwischen dem Ende der Spätantike und der kastilischen Eroberung (6.‒13. Jh.)
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H Spätes Mittelalter und Moderne
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IX Arbeit und Berufsgruppen in der Stadt
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A Amphoren. Öl, Wein und Salzfisch in Munigua
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B Provenance from Munigua amphorae/Spain: a geochemical approach
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C Geologisch-geographische Bemerkung zum Vorkommen des Rohstoffs Ton in der Region Munigua
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X Münzen in der Wirtschaft Muniguas
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XI Zur Wirtschaft in Munigua
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A Die Organisation der Metallurgie in Munigua
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B Zum Bergrecht in der römischen Kaiserzeit
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C Zum Bergrecht in Munigua und seinem Territorium
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XII Auswertung und Zusammenfassung. Güter, Dienstleistungen, Werkkette, Wirtschaftsmodell
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XII Evaluation and summary. Goods, services, chaîne opératoire, economic model
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XII Evaluación y resumen. Bienes, servicios, cadena de trabajo, modelo económico
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XIII Anhänge Laboranalysen
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A Metallurgische Analysen
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B Herkunft und Beschreibung der Proben aus den Tabellen 50 und 51
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C Farbpigmentanalysen
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D Clay analysis amphorae
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E Zusammenstellung der in diesem Band verwendeten Pläne mit ihren Maßstäben
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Gesamtes Literaturverzeichnis
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Nachweise für Abbildungen, Beilagen und Tabellen
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Beilagen 1-2
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