Saturday, August 22, 2026

Die JHWH-Religion und die Vorstellung göttlicher Gesetzgebung

Lida Leonie Panov
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Forschungen zum Alten Testament (FAT) 198

Lida Leonie Panov examines the origins and development of the concept of divine law during the Neo-Assyrian period and highlights the significance of this concept for the relationship between law and religion in the history of ancient Israel and Judah. In doing so, she draws attention to the political and theological issues surrounding the role of the king. A second question concerns the scribal groups responsible for the literary processes by which the law was theologized. Another focus lies on identifying the religious elements in legal practice, which are evident in biblical procedural law, ordeal proceedings, or legal rituals. Panov insists on a crucial distinction: the literary theologization of law on the one hand, and the religious elements embedded in actual legal practice on the other. Against the backdrop of the ancient Near Eastern legal tradition, this study reconstructs the transformation - unique to the Hebrew Bible - of secular law into a law given by God. In this context, it is striking that the biblical legal texts say remarkably little about the institution of kingship - an observation that is apparently closely linked to the concept of divine legislation: Once God is the lawgiver, the content of the legal texts requires no legitimation by a king. In addition, the study examines the role of priestly scribal groups and discusses the intersections between legal development and the sphere of religion in legal practice. The author thus makes a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the interplay between law and religion in ancient Israel and Judah and opens up new perspectives for research into biblical legal history.
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Table of contents:

1. Recht in der hebräischen Bibel
1.1 Einführung und Fragestellung
a) Vorbemerkung
b) Das Problem der Bestimmung von biblischen Rechtstexten
c) Vorblick auf den Argumentationsgang
1.2 Forschungsgeschichte zur biblischen Rechtsgeschichte
1.3 Die Literaturgeschichte des Bundesbuches
1.4 Das Bundesbuch vor dem deuteronomischen Gesetz - ein Test

2. Grundlagen der Theologisierung des Rechts
2.1 Vorbemerkung
2.2 Die Grundidee des Rechts
2.3 Rechtliche und solare Elemente beim Gott Jhwh
2.4 Die Bedeutung der Jhwh-Israel-Verbindung für die Theologisierung des Rechts
2.5 Biblische und altorientalische Quellentexte zu sozialen Schutzbestimmungen
2.6 Die historische Entwicklung eines Solidarethos
2.7 Folgerungen

3. Die theologische Spannung zwischen Gott, Gesetz und Königtum
3.1 Vorbemerkung
3.2 Aspekte der biblischen Königsideologie
3.3 Das Verhältnis von Gott und König in biblischen und in altorientalischen Texten
3.4 Königskritische Positionen oder das Problem mit dem Königtum
3.5 Die limitierte Funktion des Königs als Gesetzgeber
3.6 Folgerungen

4. Die Theologisierung des Rechts als Werk priesterlicher Schreiber
4.1 Vorbemerkung
4.2 Grundlegendes zu Schreibern und zur Schreiberausbildung
4.3 Einige Beobachtungen zur Identität und zu den Fähigkeiten der Schreiber in ausserbiblischen Quellen
4.4 Rechtliche Zusammenhänge im Proverbienbuch
4.5 Sozialethische Positionen im Proverbienbuch
4.6 Kultkritik im Proverbienbuch und in den Büchern Amos und Hosea
4.7 Der Einfluss der priesterlichen Schreibergruppen
4.8 Folgerungen

5. Ritualsymbolische Handlungen und religiöses Denken in der biblischen Rechtspraxis
5.1 Vorbemerkung
5.2 Darstellungen zur Prozessordnung in Ex 22,6-10; Dtn 16,18 und Dtn 17,6-13
5.3 Die Beweismittel im neubabylonischen und biblischen Prozessrecht
5.4 Richter und Priester im babylonischen und biblischen Prozessrecht
5.5 Das Ordal: Der Einbezug des göttlichen Urteils ins biblische Prozessrecht
5.6 Recht und Religion im Kontext von biblischen Rechtsritualen
a) Überlegungen zu den grundlegenden Merkmalen von Rechtsritualen
b) Jhwh als Akteur bei Rechtsritualen
c) Die Asylgesetzgebung und das Ergreifen der Altarhörner
d) Die Symbolhandlung des Schuheausziehens
e) Das Rechtsproblem einer unaufgeklärten Tötung und das Ritual mit einer jungen Kuh
f) Das Durchstechen des Ohrs bei einem Sklaven
5.7 Folgerungen

6. Die Interdependenz von Recht und Religion in der Geschichte des antiken Israel und Juda
6.1 Vorbemerkung
6.2 Forschungsgeschichte zum Verhältnis von Recht und Religion
6.3 Überschneidungen zwischen der Rechtsentwicklung und der Sphäre der Religion in der Darstellung der Rechtspraxis
6.4 Überlegungen zur Funktion der biblischen Rechtstexte
6.5 Folgerungen

7. Weiterentwicklungen der Vorstellung vom göttlichen Recht im Deuteronomium
7.1 Vorbemerkung
7.2 Dtn 12,13-19 als literarischer Kern in Dtn 12
7.3 Die Bedeutung der rezipierten Zentralisationsforderung in Dtn 16,2.5-7
7.4 Die Erlaubnis zur Profanschlachtung und zum Umtausch des Zehnten für Geld als Säkularisierung?
7.5 Die Bestimmungen zum Erlassjahr Dtn 15,1-11
7.6 Folgerungen

8. Abschliessende Betrachtungen

 

 

Friday, August 21, 2026

Pratiques du grec dans l'épigraphie de l'Occident : contextes, origines et pratiques culturelles

La documentation épigraphique en Occident a fourni des textes rédigés en grec, qu’ils proviennent d’aires géographiques profondément hellénisées (Italie du Sud, Sicile) ou de zones en contact avec des hellénophones : non seulement la ville de Rome, capitale d’empire, a produit un lot impressionnant d’inscriptions grecques, mais on en trouve aussi dans le reste de l’Italie centrale et septentrionale, en Afrique du Nord, dans les Espagnes et les Gaules jusqu’en Rhétie. Les contributeurs de ces actes de la XXIIe Rencontre franco-italienne sur l’épigraphie du monde romain se sont attachés à contextualiser ces textes à l’échelle d’une province ou d’une cité, tout en soulignant d’une part leur spécificité propre ainsi que les conditions locales d’émergence d’une épigraphie grecque en terre latine. En arrière-plan, le grec apparaît comme un indice de la présence de personnes venues des provinces hellénophones tout comme un marqueur social et culturel. C’est ainsi que par le biais de ces différentes lectures, le grec épigraphique en Occident peut être abordé à la fois comme une strate particulière au milieu des autres langues attestées épigraphiquement dans un monde majoritairement latinophone et comme une langue impériale, partagée par des élites gouvernantes imprégnées par la culture gréco-latine. Ces documents épigraphiques, souvent rares et fragmentaires, révèlent ainsi tout un pan des échanges économiques, culturels, religieux, politiques entre Orient et Occident. 

Publisher: Ausonius Éditions

Place of publication: Pessac

Published on OpenEdition Books: August 21, 2026

Digital ISBN: 978-2-35613-800-2

DOI: 10.4000/16ode 

Series: Scripta Antiqua

Year of publication: 2022

ISBN (Print version): 978-2-35613-439-4

Number of pages: 401

 

François Chausson, Antony Hostein and Benoît Rossignol

Remerciements

Partie 1. Rome et l'Italie du Nord

Partie 2. Le sud de la péninsule

Franca Ferrandini Troisi

Iscrizioni greche dalla Puglia

Partie 3. L'épigraphie grecque en Afrique du Nord

Ségolène Demougin, Éliane Lenoir and Denis Feissel

Inscriptions grecques du Maroc

Partie 4. L'épigraphie grecque de la péninsule Ibérique et de la Gaule

Partie 5. Approches thématiques

Silvia M. Marengo

Il greco degli horologia

Partie 6. Varia

Ségolène Demougin, Éliane Lenoir and Denis Feissel

Inscriptions grecques du Maroc

 

Newly Open Access Journal: Klassisk Forum

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Klassisk Forum publiserer vitenskapelige artikler innen fagområdene klassisk arkeologi, antikkens historie og klassisk filologi (gresk og latin). Videre publiserer Klassisk Forum anmeldelser primært av norsk eller skandinavisk litteratur innen samme fagområder, herunder nye publiserte oversettelser fra gresk og latin, foruten kortere omtaler av ny litteratur.

 

 

 

Der spätantike Münzschatz von Simitthus/Chimtou

Hans Roland Baldus [Author]  
Mustapha Khanoussi [Author] 
 

Chimtou, ancient Simitthus, is located in northwestern Tunisia on the Medjerda River near Jendouba. It is famous for its ancient and modern quarries, where the yellow “Numidian marble” was extracted. In the 1990s, a new archaeological museum was constructed and installed there in German-Tunisian cooperation, next to the workshop buildings of the early twentieth-century quarries.

During excavation work for the museum complex in May 1993, workers discovered a broken ceramic vessel in a construction pit filled with Late Antique gold coins dating to the early 5th century AD. This hoard, consisting of 1,648 coins (1,647 gold and 1 silver), is presented in detail in this volume, after having first been exhibited in 1995 in the French-Tunisian exhibition Carthage. L’histoire, sa trace et son écho in Paris and briefly discussed by its discoverer, Mustapha Khanoussi.

Published

May 18, 2026

Bibliographic Information and Reviews

Details about this monograph

ISBN-10 (02)

3-95490-068-8

Militärlager oder Marmorwerkstätten: Neue Untersuchungen im Ostbereich des Arbeits- und Steinbruchlagers von Simitthus/Chemtou

Michael Mackensen [Author]
Hans Roland Baldus [Chapter Author]

Unchanged digital reproduction of the print edition (published 2005)

The archaeological and architectural-historical research at Chemtou/Simitthus was carried out between 1968 and 1992 under the direction of Friedrich Rakob and ranks among the most significant German-Tunisian cooperative projects in North Africa. Following the author’s first encounters with the excavations in the late 1970s, particular interest developed in the labor and quarry camp, whose possible military function became a subject of discussion. In 1992, Mustapha Khanoussi began large-scale excavations of the enclosure wall and the buildings in the eastern sector of the camp. In 1997, the Tunisian Institut National du Patrimoine invited the German Archaeological Institute to continue the successful collaboration. Under the author’s direction, a first new German-Tunisian excavation campaign took place in 1998.

This volume primarily publishes the results of the investigations in the eastern sector of the labor and quarry camp. The research led to surprising new findings: rather than being used for military purposes, the area apparently housed civilian marble-working workshops (officinae marmorum). The volume presents the architectural remains, analyses of the building layouts, and the stratified ceramic assemblages that allow for a more precise dating of the site. In addition, it includes the first comprehensive publication of the coins recovered during the earlier excavations of 1968–1980, together with their archaeological and numismatic analysis carried out in collaboration with Hans Roland Baldus. These studies provide new insights into the chronology of individual areas of the camp and into coin circulation in the province of Africa Proconsularis during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. The volume is further complemented by plans, profiles, object drawings, and detailed documentation of the excavation results.

Published

May 20, 2026

Bibliographic Information and Reviews

Details about this monograph

ISBN-10 (02)

3-8053-3461-3


 

 

Thursday, August 20, 2026

Die Steinbrüche und die antike Stadt

  • Azedine Beschaouch [Chapter Author]
  • Ulrike Hess [Chapter Author]
  • Mustapha Khanoussi [Chapter Author]
  • Theodor Kraus [Chapter Author]
  • Friedrich Rakob [Chapter Author]
  • Gertrud Röder [Chapter Author]
  • Josef Röder [Chapter Author]
  •  

    Synopsis

    Unchanged digital reproduction of the print edition (published 1993)

    The German-Tunisian research project at Chemtou / Simitthus began in the 1960s and was largely initiated by Friedrich Rakob, Josef Röder, and Theodor Kraus. The starting point was the interest in the Numidian sanctuary on the Djebel Chemtou as well as in the important ancient marble quarries of the famous “giallo antico” (marmor Numidicum). Since the first joint excavation campaign of the Tunisian INAA and the German Archaeological Institute in 1968, the project developed into a long-term research program focusing on the Numidian predecessor settlement, the Roman colonia of Simitthus, and the organization of ancient marble extraction.

    The research concentrated on three main themes: the investigation of the Numidian period and the sanctuary on the temple hill, the study of the marble quarries and their unique Roman workers’ and administrative camp, and questions concerning the history and status of the Roman city. Significant discoveries were made, including a Numidian necropolis beneath the later Roman forum, rock-cut reliefs on the temple hill, new epigraphic evidence, and indications of the presence of Roman military units and veterans in Simitthus. The excavations also demonstrated that the Numidian sanctuary was not an isolated monument but part of a larger settlement structure.

    This volume is primarily devoted to the history, organization, and technology of the Roman marble quarries of Chemtou. It publishes studies on quarry and block inscriptions by Theodor Kraus, the documentation of the Saturn rock reliefs on the temple hill, and contributions by Mustapha Khanoussi concerning the military presence and newly discovered inscriptions. In addition, the volume includes studies of technical constructions at the Oued Medjerda, especially Trajan’s bridge and an exceptional ancient turbine mill, both investigated by Josef and Gertrud Röder.

    Published

    May 20, 2026

    Bibliographic Information and Reviews

    Details about this monograph

    ISBN-10 (02)

    3-8053-1500-7

    Der Tempelberg und das römische Lager

  • Mustapha Khanoussi [Chapter Author]
  • Theodor Kraus [Chapter Author]
  • Friedrich Rakob [Chapter Author]
  • Mercedes Vegas [Chapter Author] 
  •  

    Synopsis

    Unchanged digital reproduction of the print edition (published 1994)

    The German-Tunisian excavations at Chemtou/Simitthus began in 1968 with investigations of a Roman camp that had previously been identified through aerial photography. Surveys had already been carried out since 1965 in the ancient marble quarries and at the sanctuary on the Temple Mountain. The aim of the project was to study the important Roman marble extraction site and its religious and military installations. During the excavations, later military structures were removed, ancient foundations were uncovered, and parts of the sanctuary were conserved. Instead of reconstructing the sanctuary, a low marble pedestal was erected on the Temple Mountain as a visible landmark.

    In the following decades, research focused on the unique labor and administrative camp of the imperial quarries. Of particular importance was the excavation of the so-called Ergastulum-Fabrica, which had initially been interpreted as a workshop but was later identified as a workers’ barracks. Further investigations concerned temple complexes, cult precincts, necropoleis, a Byzantine basilica, and urban structures such as baths, aqueducts, and bridges. Numerous German and Tunisian archaeologists, restorers, and specialists collaborated in the excavation, restoration, and analysis of the finds.

    This volume primarily publishes new results concerning the history and function of the Roman camp, especially the military presence in the quarry area from the 1st century AD onward. A particular focus lies on the Temple Mountain and the investigation and identification of its sanctuaries from the early Numidian to the Byzantine period. The volume also highlights new findings on the Ergastulum-Fabrica as well as on water management and the camp’s bath complex. In addition, it includes an analysis of the pottery discovered within the camp. The publication further contains reconstructions, architectural surveys, and detailed drawings documenting the archaeological remains. 

    Published

    May 20, 2026

    Bibliographic Information and Reviews

    Details about this monograph

    ISBN-10 (02)

    3-8053-1625-9