Online LBG: Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität

[First posted in AWOL 7 October 2014, updated 2 July 2022]

LBG: Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität

Fascicles 1-6
Editor: Erich Trapp

A COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE THESAURUS LINGUAE GRAECAE®
AND THE AUSTRIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

This site is the result of a collaboration between the Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität (LBG) published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Die Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) and the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae® (TLG®) at the University of California, Irvine.

The LBG is the foremost lexicographical resource in Byzantine Studies mainly covering the period from the 4th to the 15th century A.D. taken from more than 3,000 texts. Seven fascicles have appeared to date, with one more scheduled to appear in 2016. When completed the dictionary will consist of more than 2,000 printed pages, containing approx. 80,000 lemmata.

In March 2012, the LBG and TLG began conversations about digitizing the existing volumes of LBG and linking them to the TLG texts.  The TLG team (Nick Nicholas, Maria Pantelia and John Salatas) worked on converting the files into XML format and incorporating them into the TLG online system. The first six fascicles have been included in this release covering letters A-P. They can be accessed at: http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/lbg.

The LBG was initiated by Erich Trapp – in collaboration with Wolfram Hörandner and Johannes Diethart – in the early 1990s. It became a joint project of the Commission for Byzantine Studies at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Department of Philology at the University of Bonn and the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Vienna, financially supported by the Austrian National Science Fund (FWF).

Astrid Steiner-Weber, Sonja Schönauer and Maria Cassiotou-Panayotopoulos contributed to the project at Bonn University with the financial support of the German Research Foundation (DFG),. The Lexicon is now continued at the Division of Byzantine Research of the Institute for Medieval Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences under the guidance of Erich Trapp (Vienna/Bonn). Members of the team in Vienna include Carolina Cupane, Andreas Rhoby and Elisabeth Schiffer.

LBG and TLG® wish to acknowledge the contribution of the Austrian Academy of Sciences that has generously supported the creation of the LBG and has now agreed to its online dissemination for the benefit of the scholarly community.

Note: Unlike the majority of the content of the TLG, the LBG, which appeared in October 2014, is freely available for all users to browse and search online, although as of 2022 login seems to be required. The TLG and the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press reserve all rights, however, and no re-use, downloading or copying is permitted. 

Words In Progress: Supplementary Lexicon of Ancient Greek

Words In Progress: Supplementary Lexicon of Ancient Greek

The WiP – Words in Progress website is an online freely consultable database that is continuously enriched. It represents an on-going supplement to the major currently used dictionaries of Ancient and Byzantine Greek and seeks to provide a scientific tool for scholars of Greek and more generally of the Ancient Greek and Latin world.

Drawing its inspiration from the over ten years of experience of PAWAG – Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek, of which the materials form the basis for the new website, Words in Progress aims to expand its objectives by detailing corrections and additions of many different kinds, in order to record recent progress in the updating and enlargement of lexica of Ancient and Byzantine Greek. Its primary focus of activity concerns the recording of new words, but attention is also devoted to previously unknown sources, novel acceptations and improvements of all kinds involving the entries in the main existing dictionaries.

WiP is open to collaboration and contributions from the scientific community: thus WiP welcomes any indications that would enhance the range of materials to be included in the database.

Registered users [Register] can propose new lemmata. For any other correction and suggestion, please use the Contacts on Aristarchus home page Contacts

WiP – Words in Progress è una banca dati online a libera consultazione che viene costantemente arricchita. Il sito rappresenta un supplemento in continua evoluzione ai principali dizionari di greco antico e bizantino esistenti; il progetto intende offrire uno strumento scientifico agli studiosi di lessicografia greca e più in generale del mondo classico.

Ispirato all’esperienza decennale del PAWAG – Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek, i cui materiali rappresentano le risorse di base del nuovo sito, Words in Progress mira a espandere il proprio raggio d’azione, segnalando correzioni e aggiunte di vario genere, per dar conto dei recenti progressi nel lavoro di aggiornamento e ampliamento dei lessici di greco antico e bizantino. L’attività principale del sito è incentrata sulla registrazione di nuove voci, ma un’attenzione particolare è rivolta anche alla segnalazione di fonti finora sconosciute, di nuovi inserimenti e di correzioni di vario genere relative ai lemmi presenti sui principali dizionari.

WiP è aperto alla collaborazione e ai contributi della comunità scientifica: per questo accoglie ogni indicazione che possa ampliare la gamma delle risorse da includere nella banca dati.

Gli utenti registrati [Registrati] possono proporre nuovi lemmi. Per qualsiasi altra correzione o segnalazione è possibile utilizzare il modulo contatti sulla home page di Aristarchus [Contatti]

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Proto-Indo-European Lexicon: The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages

[First posted in AWOL 6 August 2015, updated 28 November 2017]

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon: The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages

Welcome to PIE Lexicon Pilot 1.1: The generative etymological dictionary of Anatolian languages.

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon is the generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages.

The current version, PIE Lexicon Pilot 1.1, presents digitally generated data of hundred most ancient Indo-European languages with three hundred new etymologies for Old Anatolian languages, Hitttite, Palaic, Cuneiform Luwian and Hieroglyphic Luwian, arranged under two hundred Indo-European roots.

The correspondences contain data of all fourteen sub-branches of the Indo-European languages, Albanian, Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Italic, Old Balkan (Satem), Old Balkan (Centum), Slavic and Tocharian.

The Anatolian etymologies have been chosen due to their particularly problematic nature, and in the absence of other criteria the selection is random. However, as all the oldest forms of the languages are represented in the data, the ancient languages still absent in PIE Lexicon are supplemented in the near future.

We use a set of sound laws of the Neogrammarians, the laryngeal theory and monolaryngealism critically revised and selected to form a consistent system in Pyysalo (2013), which allows a computer-generated derivation of the most important (ancient) Indo-European languages.

The derivation has been digitized by means of Foma, a programming language developed by Mans Hulden (2009). In Foma the Indo-European sound laws are equipped with their digital counterparts, which are then arranged in chronological order. After this a PIE reconstruction results in a respective Indo-European form, when the Foma script of that language is applied.

All Indo-European forms of PIE Lexicon are automatically generated from the proto-language, and if marked with black the generation is successful. Any errors in the derivation are marked with red, and the derivation of a form through successive sound laws is generated by clicking its PIE reconstruction (in blue).

The Proto-Indo-European Phoneme Inventory

• *o
• *e
• *ɑ
• *h
• *i
• *k
• *l
• *m
• *n
• *p
• *r
• *s
• *t
• *u
• *ō
• *ē
• *ɑ̄
• *ɦ
• *i̯
• *g
• *l̥
• *m̥
• *n̥
• *b
• *r̥
• *z
• *d
• *u̯

Show the entire data in a single page   |   Show all mismatches

Cambridge Rhetorical Lexicon

Cambridge Rhetorical Lexicon

Quae legentem fefellissent, transferentem fugere non possunt. (Plinius Epistulae 7.9.2)

The work that goes by the name Lexicon Rhetoricum Cantabrigense (in the following abbreviated as LRhC) consists of a series of marginal notes in the Cambridge manuscript of Harpocration (Bibl. Publ. Dd 4.63). The first scholar to realize that it was an independent work by someone other than Harpocration himself was Meier, who provided the third edition of the LRhC in 1844. Before that, the work had been published by Dobree in Cambridge, once together with Harpocration’s lexicon (1822, repr. Leipzig 1823) and once separately (1832). After another edition by Nauck in 1867, the Dutch scholar E.O. Houtsma published the LRhC for the fifth and, so far, last time as his doctoral thesis in 1870; the text is accompanied by a critical apparatus and valuable notes on almost every entry with remarks on the restitution of the text and the similarities to other lexica as well as references to the passages of classical authors quoted by the anonymous writer. All these editions are difficult to come by; Houtsma’s edition, however, is contained in the volume Lexica Graeca Minora, edited by K. Latte and H. Erbse (Georg Olms Verlag, 1965, repr. 1992), p. 61-139, and thus more easily available to the interested reader.

While a few entries gloss words used by poets and other classical authors outside the realm of rhetoric, the bulk of the LRhC is devoted to the explanation of words and expressions found in the classical orators. In this respect, it often provides the reader with information not present in any other lexicon, which makes it, despite its comparative shortness, an important source in its own right for our knowledge of Attic legal language. In some cases we are even told about word meanings for which we have no direct evidence (see, for instance, the entry Rhetorike), and many of the quotations of classical authors stem from works that are no longer extant. As for those from extant works, I am generally indebted to Houtsma and his predecessors for locating them; however, they did not yet know the pseudo-Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia, on which the author of the LRhC draws a great deal. Wherever a citation can be attributed to a work that we can read today, I have added a reference in brackets. If there is no such reference, it is to be understood that the work quoted from is now lost.

The translation is based, as a whole, on Houtsma’s text; exceptions are indicated in the notes. The Greek is generally transcribed without accents or macrons; in a few cases, however, I have deemed it necessary to write the accent, that is, when the author himself points out that there are different accentuations (see e.g. Agroikos, Sphettoi), and in some others I have used a macron for the sake of clarity (for instance, to distinguish the dative singular masculine and neuter –ōi from the nominative plural masculine –oi, see e.g. Epigraphomenōi). In the notes I have tried, to the best of my ability, to solve difficulties of interpretation and cast light especially on points of Attic legal idiom.

I would like to thank Prof. D. Mirhady for his numerous and useful suggestions and A. Grudzinskas for reading over a previous version of the translation. It goes without saying, though, that I am fully responsible for whatever is written both in this introduction and on the pages that follow.