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Report of the School of Archaeology 2012-2013.pdf (6.6 MiB)
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The Protrepticus was an early work of Aristotle, written while he was still a member of Plato's Academy, but it soon became one of the most famous works in the whole history of philosophy. Unfortunately it was not directly copied in the middle ages and so did not survive in its own manuscript tradition. But substantial fragments of it have been preserved in several works by Iamblichus of Chalcis, a third century A.D. neo-Pythagorean philosopher and educator. On the basis of a close study of Iamblichus' extensive use and excerption of Aristotle's Protrepticus, it is possible to reconstruct the backbone of the lost work, and then to flesh it out with the other surviving reports about the work from antiquity (for example in Alexander of Aphrodisias and other ancient commentators on Aristotle). It is also possible to identify several papyrus fragments of the work, and many references and literary allusions in later authors, especially Cicero, whose own lost dialogue Hortensius was a defense of philosophy modeleld on Aristotle's.
In 2003, we began a project to reconstruct the lost work by reevaluating all the possible sources of evidence for it. We post regular updates about the project on our blog, where you can access a quick introduction to the project. A good place to start is with the latest version of the provisional reconstruction. If you have been assigned to read Aristotle's Protrepticus in a course, this is probably what you are looking for.
For those looking for more detail about our methods of reconstruction and the basis of evidence, you will find on this website our working files on a new critical Greek edition, translation, commentary, and reconstruction of Aristotle's Protrepticus. From the table of contents page, you will be able to access drafts of various parts of the book. From the evidence page, you may find links to critical editions, along with translations and commentaries on the ancient evidence.
From the essays page you may access our 'Authenticating Aristotle's Protrepticus', published in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy (2005). For those wanting to learn more about the philosophical context of Aristotle's Protrepticus, you may be interested in the unpublished essays 'The Antidosis of Iamblichus and Aristotle's Protrepticus' and 'Protreptic Aspects of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics'.
- The latest news at our blog.
- A quick introduction.
- The most recent version of our provisional reconstruction.
- The table of contents of the edition, translation, and commentary.
- An overview of the evidence.
- One of our essays.
- Our bibliography.
The National Museums Scotland (NMS) and the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative are pleased to announce the addition of the digitized NMS cuneiform corpus to CDLI’s website.
With approximately 250 objects in storage, the collection of the NMS is the largest of its kind in Scotland. It is remarkable due to its diversity, covering various periods of Mesopotamian history and beyond. Although a majority of the corpus consists of cuneiform artifacts made of clay (mainly tablets and bricks), the collection contains several nice examples of Neo-Assyrian reliefs as well.
It is not surprising that administrative records dating to the last century of the 3rd millennium BC, the so-called Ur III period, have a fair share in this collection. An edition of this still mostly unpublished corpus is planned for the near future together with further smaller Scottish collections of cuneiform artifacts. Although much of this material consists of small receipts, some larger specimens of Ur III accounts are noteworthy, thus the fragment of a large Ur III account, whose date is unfortunately broken. The account deals with work performed for the house of the third king of the Ur III dynasty, Amar-Suen, and mentions a variety of workers (those that are present, missing and dead). Similarly significant documents are a literary letter addressed to a king that is known from several places and that uses sophisticated epithets, and a Sumerian love incantation with just one duplicate, adding valuable information to the understanding of this composition due to its excellent state of preservation.
Besides Sumerian literary texts, there are quite a few well-preserved legal texts in the NMS dating to the Old Babylonian period. Due to such internal criteria as names and places referenced in the records, we learn that a substantial number originate from the site of ancient Kish. Others such as NMS A.1909.405.28 might originate from Sippar. Fragments of its original envelope are still preserved. Furthermore, there is an Old Babylonian letter written in Akkadian dealing with the rights to a field.
Although there are no texts in the collection from Mesopotamia proper that date to the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, there is a brick with a Middle Elamite royal inscription by the Shutrukid king Shilhak-Inshushinak commemorating the restoration of the temple of Kiririsha-of-Liyan (see K. Wagensonner, CDLN 2014:018 [forthcoming]).
Aside from these clay tablets, the most noteworthy objects held by the collection are its Neo-Assyrian period (ca. 911-612 BC) relief. Among the latest datable texts in the collection are those dating to the Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) and the subsequent Achaemenid periods (547-331 BC). The well-preserved tablet NMS A.1909.405.23 derives from the vast archive of the Egibi family, whose business spanned over five generations (see C. Wunsch, Das Egibi-Archiv [=Cuneiform Monographs 20. Groningen 2000]). This text, from the third year of Darius, testifies to the purchase of a plot of land; it has a duplicate in the British Museum (BM 32180 + 33125; see Wunsch op.cit., no. 199A). Due to the better preservation of the Edinburgh tablet, the whole transaction is better understood.
Noteworthy for this late stage in Mesopotamian history is also a royal inscription by the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC), inscribed on a clay barrel cylinder. This inscription is known from several examples, among others a similar barrel in the John Rylands Library (Manchester). Last but not least, one should draw attention to a bilingual version of a lamentation, whose copy in Edinburgh dates to the second half of the 1st millennium BC as well. A strikingly similar text in terms of scribal hand and spacing is a bilingual prayer in the Manchester Museum.
Thanks to the cordial assistance of NMS curators, the results of the National Museums Scotland collaboration have now been added to CDLI pages.
Any queries regarding the collection should be directed to Margaret Maitland, Curator of the Ancient Mediterranean (m.maitland@nms.ac.uk); any corrections or comments on the catalogue and associated online files should be directed to CDLI (cdli@ucla.edu).
The imaging in Edinburgh was undertaken by Kathryn Kelley and Klaus Wagensonner (University of Oxford). The RTI capture of the Neo-Assyrian relief in the collection as well as some chosen cuneiform texts were done by James Miles (University of Southampton). Post-capture processing was undertaken by Klaus Wagensonner. The NMS digital capture was made possible by funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and is are part of the on-going mission of CDLI to ensure the long-term digital preservation of ancient cuneiform inscriptions, and, in furtherance of humanities research, to provide free global access to all available text artifact data.
For the NMS and the CDLI:
Margaret Maitland, Curator of the Ancient Mediterranean, Department of World Cultures, National Museums Scotland
Jacob L. Dahl, Associate Professor of Assyriology, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford
Semiannual Journal of Archaeology, Art History and Interdisciplinary Studies
Journal of Scientific Union of Archeology
University of Tarbiat Modares (TMU)
Editor-in-Chief: Shokouh Khosravi.
Adviser Board: Sajjad Alibaigi, Saeed Amirhajloo, Meisam Nikzad,
Mousa Sabzi Do’abi, Sara Saghaee.
Address: Scientific Union of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Tarbiat Modares (TMU), Chamran Highway with Al-Ahmad Crossroads, Tehran, Iran.
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