Tuesday, May 31, 2022

New in ANEM: Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of P. Kyle McCarter Jr.

Christopher Rollston, Susanna Garfein, Neal H. Walls, editors
ISBN
9780884145158
Volume
ANEM 27

Publication Date
May 2022

This collection of thirty-one essays by colleagues, students, and friends of P. Kyle McCarter Jr. covers a range of topics of interest to McCarter. Essays approach the Hebrew Bible, Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Septuagint using various methods, including philology, narrative criticism, and political theory. Contributions on epigraphy cover a range of inscriptions, including Phoenician, Aramaic, and Ugaritic. A final section on archaeology covers sites, architecture, and artifacts. Contributors include Adam L. Bean, Joel S. Burnett, Aaron Demsky, Heath D. Dewrell, F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp, Daniel E. Fleming, Erin E. Fleming, Pamela Gaber, Yosef Garfinkel, Maria Giulia Amadasi Guzzo, Jo Ann Hackett, Baruch Halpern, Ronald Hendel, John Huehnergard, Yoo-ki Kim, Andrew Knapp, André Lemaire, Theodore J. Lewis, Steven L. McKenzie,  Christopher A. Rollston, Jonathan Rosenbaum, Joe D. Seger, Hershel Shanks, Mark S. Smith, Ron E. Tappy, John Tracy Thames Jr., Eugene Ulrich, James C. VanderKam, Erin Guinn Villareal, Roger D. Woodard, and K. Lawson Younger Jr.

Christopher A. Rollston is Professor of Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures at George Washington University and Chair of the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations there.

Susanna Garfein is Director of Leadership Engagement at The Associated: Jewish Community Federation of Baltimore.

Neal H. Walls is Associate Professor of Old Testament Interpretation at Wake Forest University School of Divinity.

 

 

Nécropole de la ville antique de Gorgippia : complexe de tombes au tournant des IIe-IIIe siècles de n. è

Alekseeva, E. M. (2022) : Некрополь античного города Горгиппии: комплекс гробниц рубежа II–III вв. н. э. / Nekropol’ antichnogo goroda Gorgippii: kompleks grobnic rubezha II–III vv. n. é., Moscou [Nécropole de la ville antique de Gorgippia : complexe de tombes au tournant des IIe-IIIe siècles de n. è.]

L’ouvrage présente une crypte avec des fresques et des artefacts des IIe-IIIe siècles, découverte en 1975-1976 dans la nécropole de Gorgippia (Anapa). Un long chapitre présente les nécropoles de Gorgippia, avant que le contexte de découverte de ces deux tombes ne soit présenté. L’auteur analyse ensuite les compositions, l’appartenance, les visions du monde, le sens, l’évolution et la symbolique des images mythologiques présents dans la décoration. On relèvera la représentation des travaux d’Hercule, ainsi que la présence dans un des sarcophages à côté d’objets précieux du IIe s. ap. J.-C. provenant de l’ouest de l’Empire romain d’un statère bosporan en or du IIIe s. av. J.-C. Ces inhumations sont celles de membres des familles de l’élite, voire de la famille régnante bosporane.

Le livre est richement illustré avec de superbes photographies.

Long résumé en anglais de 36 pages

Le livre en ligne : https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/el-bib/el-cat/el-books/el-books-2021/alekseeva-2021

 

2022 North American Patristics Society Annual Meeting Materials

2022 North American Patristics Society Annual Meeting Materials

Materials for the 2022 North American Patristics Society Annual Meeting

All materials licensed CC-BY 4.0 unless otherwised indicated.


Monday, May 30, 2022

Images of Rome: The Rodolfo Lanciani Digital Archive

[First posted in AWOL 10 July 1917, updated 30 May 2022]
 
lanciani275.jpg
This website offers virtual access to a premier collection of historic depictions amassed by Rodolfo Lanciani (1845–1929). Archaeologist, professor of topography, and secretary of the Archaeological Commission, Lanciani was a pioneer in the systematic, modern study of the city of Rome. Beginning in the latter part of the nineteenth century and continuing into the first three decades of the twentieth century, his work profoundly influenced our understanding of the ancient city. Throughout his long career Lanciani collected a vast archive of his own notes and manuscripts, as well as works by others including rare prints and original drawings by artists and architects stretching back to the sixteenth century. After his death in 1929, his entire library was purchased by the Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte (INASA), on the recommendation of the Director Corrado Ricci (1858-1934). 

Limit your search

DASI: Digital Archive for the Study of pre-Islamic Arabian Inscriptions

 [First posted in AWOL 31 January 2013. Updated when the site relaunched 30 May 2022]

DASI: Digital Archive for the Study of pre-Islamic Arabian Inscriptions

DASI seeks to gather all known pre-Islamic Arabian epigraphic material into a comprehensive online database, with the aim to make available to specialists and to the broader public a wide array of documents often underestimated because of their difficulty of access.  
 
By means of a digitization process through a hybrid data entry/xml system, DASI gives access at present to more than 8,400 Ancient South Arabian inscriptions and 600 more anepigraphic objects, for the most part recorded by the University of Pisa team under the direction of Alessandra Avanzini. Thanks to the collaboration with other major European centres for the study of the Arabian Peninsula, also parts of the corpora of the Ancient North Arabian inscriptions (supervision by Mr. M.C.A. Macdonald, University of Oxford), Nabataean inscriptions (supervision by Dr. Laila Nehmé, UMR 8167, CNRS-Paris) and other Aramaic inscriptions (soon available, under the supervision by Dr. Maria Gorea, Université de Paris VIII) have been digitized.
 
DASI project was funded by the European Community within the Seventh Framework Programme “Ideas”, through an ERC – Advanced Grant awarded to Prof. Alessandra Avanzini at the University of Pisa (2011-2016). The Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, additional participant of the project, was responsible for the technical development of the archive, which is now maintained at the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome.

 Project details »

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Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions

The ASA (Ancient South Arabian) corpus is one of the most interesting collections of epigraphic documents of the Semitic world, first and foremost for its vastness. With its over 15,000 inscriptions, it is the first-hand, written documentation of the culture that flourished in South Arabia from the late second millennium BC to the sixth century AD. At present, CSAI contains a collection of some 8,400 texts, for the most part digitized by the team of the University of Pisa under the direction of A. Avanzini.

go to project

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Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia

The Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia (OCIANA) is a project of the Khalili Research Centre of the University of Oxford, directed by J. Johns and M.C.A. Macdonald. It aims to present an easily updatable, online edition of all known Ancient North Arabian inscriptions: Taymanitic, Dadanitic, Hasaitic, Safaitic, Hismaic and Thamudic.

go to project

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Corpus of Aramaic Inscriptions

The Corpus of Aramaic inscriptions on DASI is composed of inscriptions found in Taymāʾ and its region and in the Gulf in the Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid periods. The corpus of Aramaic inscriptions is under the supervision of Maria Gorea (Université Paris VIII).
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Corpus of Nabataean Inscriptions

The Corpus of Nabataean inscriptions on DASI has been accomplished thanks to the agreement with the CNRS laboratory UMR 8167 – Mondes Sémitiques, under the scientific supervision of L. Nehmé.

go to project

Sunday, May 29, 2022

Galen: Kommentar zu Hippokrates, über die Gelenke. Die Einleitung und die ersten sechs Kommentarabschnitte von Buch I

Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Christian Brockmann

Zur Einführung

Wer sich in medizinischen Fachbüchern oder im Internet über Gelenkverletzungen, z.B. über Schulterausrenkungen, informieren möchte, stößt regelmäßig auf den Namen Hippokrates. Denn der große Arzt der griechischen Klassik besaß auf Grund seiner täglichen Praxis bereits umfassende Kenntnisse über die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. In seinem medizinischen und literarischen Meisterwerk "über die Gelenke", das im 2. nachchristlichen Jahrhundert von Galen aus Pergamon kommentiert worden ist, hat er zahlreiche Einrenkungsverfahren genau und anschaulich beschrieben. Er hat damit Standards gesetzt, die nicht nur in der Antike maßgeblich waren, sondern auch heute noch aktuell sind.

Das Einrenken der Schulter mit Hilfe der Ferse des Arztes zum Beispiel ist eine klassische Behandlungsmethode, die auch der moderne Therapeut beherrschen muß. Nach Hippokrates braucht der Arzt bei diesem Repositionsverfahren mindestens zwei Assistenten. Als Hilfsmittel empfiehlt er einen kleinen harten Lederball und einen Riemen. Der Lederball muß in die Achselhöhle hineingelegt werden. Denn wenn der Arm gestreckt wird, spannen sich die Sehnen an beiden Seiten der Achsel und bilden eine Barriere, die der Arzt mit seiner Ferse nicht überwinden kann. Der Ball füllt die Höhlung aus und stellt die Verbindung zwischen der Ferse und dem ausgerenkten Oberarmkopf her. Wie Hippokrates sich die Behandlung insgesamt vorgestellt hat, zeigt eine Illustration aus einer Handschrift des 16. Jahrhunderts.

Die verschiedenen orthopädischen Verfahren der Schultereinrenkung, die Hippokrates in den Anfangskapiteln seiner Schrift darstellt, versprechen Abhilfe bei dem am häufigsten auftretenden Fall, d.h., wenn der Oberarmkopf nach unten in die Achselhöhle herausgetreten ist. Falls keine Hilfsmittel wie eine Stuhllehne, eine Leiter oder ein speziell geformtes Holzinstrument zur Hand sind, kann sogar der obere Schulterbereich des Arztes als Auflage dienen. Der Arzt nimmt den kranken Arm in beide Hände, stemmt seine Schulter in die Achselhöhle des Patienten, steht dann auf und versucht zu erreichen, daß der Patient über seiner Schulter in der Schwebe hängt. Dann muß der verletzte Arm in bestimmter Weise bewegt und der hängende Patient geschüttelt werden. Wenn das Gegengewicht, das von dem Körper des Patienten gebildet wird, nicht ausreicht, soll ein Assistent den Patienten nach unten ziehen (Illustrationen in der ältesten Handschrift und in einem Kodex des 16. Jahrhunderts).

Galen hat umfangreiche und ausführliche Kommentare zu fast allen wichtigen hippokratischen Werken verfaßt. Dabei waren die beiden chirurgischen Schriften über die Behandlung von Knochenbrüchen und das Einrenken von Gelenken die ersten, mit denen er sich beschäftigt hat. Die hippokratischen Werke wurden als Klassiker der medizinischen Literatur im Unterricht gemeinsam gelesen und ausgelegt. In seinen Kommentaren erinnert Galen häufig an diese Unterrichtssituation. Als Interpret konnte sich Galen auf eine reiche Kommentar-Tradition stützen. In der Folgezeit erwies sich sein Werk als so erfolgreich, daß es alle Kommentarschriften seiner Vorgänger verdrängte, mit einer Ausnahme: der Text- und Bildkommentar des Apollonios von Kition blieb erhalten; auch dieser Text ist der Erklärung der hippokratischen Schrift "über die Gelenke" gewidmet, ihm verdanken wir die berühmten Illustrationen.

Im folgenden lesen Sie die ersten Abschnitte aus dem ersten Buch des Galenkommentars; der Text wurde erstmalig kritisch ediert und ins Deutsche übersetzt.


 

 

Inscriptiones Graecae in Croatia Repertae

 [First posted in AWOL 27 June 2012, updates 29 May 2022]

Digitalizacija antičkih grčkih natpisa s područja Hrvatske - Inscriptiones Graecae in Croatia Repertae (IGCR)
Nino Zubović

Ovaj probni znanstveni projekt ispituje mogućnosti i izvedivost stvaranja digitalne baze podataka već objavljenih antičkih grčkih natpisa pronađenih u Hrvatskoj, te prilagodbe i uklapanja ove baze u širi kontekst projekta EpiDoc.

Nino Zubovic's pilot project, which received startup assistance from the Department of Classical Philology of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb, aims to create a digital, EpiDoc corpus of the Greek inscriptions attested and preserved on the territory of present-day Croatia. Methodologically, it shares goals with the U.S. Epigraphy Project, but excludes Latin inscriptions as these are being researched for CIL by the Department of Archaeology.

Cf. a description on the Digital Classicist wiki.

Slijedi nekoliko primjera digitaliziranih natpisa. / Some digitised inscriptions from Croatia follow.

Inscriptiones Graecae in Croatia repertae (IGCR)

The glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville: a digital scholarly edition

Edited by Evina Steinová

Development and consultancy: Peter Boot

Edition status: beta

Please mail us with your comments. Over the coming weeks some data and functionality will still be added, including a more detailed description of clusters, but the edition can be considered essentially complete.

-

Published by: Huygens Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis (KNAW)
Amsterdam
August, 2021
Licence: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
GitHub: https://github.com/HuygensING/isidore-glosses

Funded by:
Dutch Research Council (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek)

 

 

Recueil d’antiquités et d’historiographie en mémoire de Yaroslav Vitalievitch Domanski

Stoljar, A. D. (2003) :  ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ: Антиковедческо-историографический сборник памяти Ярослава Витальевича Доманского (1928-2004) / ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ: Antikovedchesko-istoriograficheskij sbornik pamjati Jaroslava Vital’evicha Domanskogo (1928-2004), Saint-Pétersbourg, [ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ: Recueil d’antiquités et d’historiographie en mémoire de  Yaroslav Vitalievitch Domanski (1928-2004)]

Le recueil présente différents articles organisés autour  l’archéologie de la mer Noire et de l’histoire de l’archéologie.

Le livre en ligne

http://ranar.spb.ru/rus/books_8/id/348/

eucharisterion

Publicités

 

Saturday, May 28, 2022

Open Access Journal: Rhea Classical Reviews

Rhea Classical Reviews is predicated on the beliefs that: (1) book reviews should be a constructive, conscientious, and helpful evaluation of the work; (2) the current review model in Classics and related fields does not always prioritize these qualities; (3) emerging and alternative scholars, and particularly individuals within equity-seeking groups, would benefit from a review venue that embraces their contributions as authors and reviewers.

Rhea features reviews written exclusively by emerging or alternative academics: pre-tenure, non-tenure track, or contingent faculty; graduate students; independent scholars; and those with academic training who have chosen a career path adjacent to or outside of academia proper. The books reviewed by Rhea are, with rare exception, also written by such scholars. In addition, Rhea reviews may include a Q&A with the author or editor of the work under review, facilitating a collegial exchange of ideas as part of the review process.

Rhea is a space for emerging and alternative scholars, giving priority to new and underrepresented voices by offering a collaborative model for book reviews in ancient Mediterranean studies.

Open Access Journal: Rundle Foundation for Egyptology e-Newsletter

The Rundle Foundation for Egyptian Archaeology was established by the Council of Macquarie University in 1981. The aim of the Foundation is to support research in the archaeology and history of ancient Egypt and to cater for the interest of the Australian public in this part of the ancient world.

And see also Rundle Foundation for Egyptology Newsletter

 

Le roman scythe

Bongard-Levina, G. M. éd. (1997) : Скифский роман/Skifskij roman, Moscou [Le roman scythe]

Cet ouvrage est consacré à la Vie de M. I. Rostovtseff, qui dans ses nombreux écrits évoqua le nord de la mer Noire et le monde scythe. L’ouvrage rassemble des articles sur  la vie universitaire de Rostovtseff, ses archives, ses rencontres, mais également quelques unes de ses lettres et deux articles .

1997-m-sr

Malgré un sommaire en anglais, ce livre est uniquement en russe.

Le livre

http://ranar.spb.ru/rus/books_7/id/21/

 

Friday, May 27, 2022

Archaeology on the Apulian – Lucanian Border

book cover

The broad valley of the Bradano river and its tributary the Basentello separates the Apennine mountains in Lucania from the limestone plateau of the Murge in Apulia in South East Italy. For millennia the valley has functioned both as a cultural and political divide between the two regions, and as a channel for new ideas transmitted from South to North or vice versa depending on the political and economic conditions of the time. Archaeology on the Apulian – Lucanian Border aims to explain how the pattern of settlement and land use changed in the valley over the whole period from Neolithic to Late Medieval, taking account of changing environmental conditions, and setting the changes in a broader political, social and cultural context. There are three levels of focus. The first is on the results of a field survey (1996-2006) in the Basentello valley by teams from the Universities of Alberta, Edinburgh, and Bari, directed by the authors. The second concerns the discoveries of earlier field surveys in the late 1960s and early 1970s undertaken in connection with excavations on Botromagno near Gravina in Puglia. The third is a much broader synthesis of the results of recent scholarship using archaeological, epigraphic and literary sources to reconstruct an archaeological history of the valley and the surrounding area. The creation of a vast imperial estate at Vagnari around the end of the 1st century BC and its long-lasting impact on the pattern of settlement in the area is a significant theme in the later chapters of the book.

H 290 x W 205 mm

906 pages

383 figures, 31 tables (colour throughout)

Published May 2022

Archaeopress Archaeology

ISBN

Hardback: 9781803270647

Digital: 9781803270654

Contents

Preface ;
Acknowledgements ;
Section I: General introduction ;
Section II: The Basentello Valley field survey 1996-2008: An overview ;
Section III: Diachronic interpretations ;
Chapter I. The Palaeolithic period ;
Chapter II. The Neolithic period ;
Chapter III. The Eneolithic Period ;
Chapter IV. The Bronze Age ;
Chapter V. The Final Bronze Age (ca. 1200-1000BC) / Early Iron Age I (ca. 1000-750BC) ;
Chapter VI. The Early Iron Age II (Period Gravina II) ca. 750–675 BC and Middle Iron Age (ca. 675–500 BC) ;
Chapter VII. The Late Iron Age: (Lucanian/Late Peucetian period) ;
Chapter VIII. The Hellenistic Period ;
Chapter IX. The Roman Imperial Period ;
Chapter X. The Late Roman Empire ;
Chapter XI. Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages ;
Chapter XII. The Middle Ages. Late 7th to 13/14th century ;
Section IV: List of sites ;
Section V: Catalogue of artefacts ;
Section VI: The older surveys ;
Figures for artefacts ;
Plates for artefacts ;
Bibliography ;
Appendix: Le anfore dalla valle del Basentello: ricostruire la rete dei commerci e dei consumi delle derrate

 

Thursday, May 26, 2022

Virtual World Heritage Lab

 3D has become a new and powerful form of scholarly expression and communication. The mission of the Virtual World Heritage Laboratory is to apply these new tools not only as interactive illustrations but also as heuristic instruments of discovery. The scope of our interests – as implied by the phrase “World Heritage” – includes the entire human record. The focus of our investigations, as is suggested by the phrase “Virtual World” – is the 3D scientific simulation and how it can make possible experiences and experiments that – short of time travel – would otherwise not be possible.

Current Projects

The uffizi Digitization Project

The Virtual World Heritage Laboratory (VWHL), based in in the Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, in collaboration with partners at the Politecnico di Milano and the University of Florence will undertake the 3D digitization of the complete collection of Greek and Roman sculpture in the Uffizi, Pitti Palace, and Boboli Gardens on behalf of the Gallerie degli Uffizi. Totaling some 1,250 works of art, it is the third largest collection of its kind in an Italian state museum.

Digital Hadrian’s Villa Project

From 2007 to 2012 The Virtual World Heritage Laboratory created a 3D digital model of Hadrian’s Villa, a World Heritage site located in Tivoli (Italy), as it appeared toward the end of the lifetime of the emperor Hadrian (AD 76-138).

The Digital Sculpture Project

The Digital Sculpture Project 3D digital modeling often encounters a barrier when confronted with the kind of complex geometry that characterizes most sculpture. Through its Digital Sculpture Project, the Virtual World Heritage Laboratory is pioneering new solutions and applications

The Digital Atzompa Project

The Atzompa Project is a collaboration between INAH and the Virtual World Heritage Laboratory (VWHL). The primary focus of the project is the creation of 3d models at various scales of significant cultural heritage artifacts, monuments, and the entire site. INAH plans to use these models as aids to the scientific analysis of the site and as assets for public outreach and education.

 

Virtual Meridian of Augustus Project

IDIA Lab virtual celestial simulator and 3D interpretation of the Meridian of August in ancient Rome. Project commissioned by the Virtual World Heritage Laboratory at Indiana University, directed by Bernard Frischer.

 

Travelogues: Travellers' Views: Southeastern Europe – Eastern Mediterranean Greece – Asia Minor – Southern Italy

First posted in AWOL 3 April 2015, updated 26 May 2022]

Places – Monuments – People
Southeastern Europe – Eastern Mediterranean
Greece – Asia Minor – Southern Italy

Travelogues website was created within the broader project of Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation to promote Greek culture, and especially Greek literature, on a national and international level. This website aims to make known the graphic materials found in travel accounts of journeys to Greece and the eastern Mediterranean from the 15th century onwards, and thus contribute both to students' education and scientific research. An important part of the editions that constituted the data base of the website belongs to the Historical Library of the Foundation, currently under construction.

Travelogues will periodically be updated with material from major libraries in Greece, such as Gennadius Library and Benaki Museum Library. This material, already in process, spans the time from the 15th to the early 20th century. Of approximately 4500 images, 560 have already been incorporated in the website's collections. In the same sense, the bibliography shall be updated with the most recent research contributions. User feedback will be taken into consideration and the pertinent modifications will get reflected.

  And see AWOL's round-up of Open Access Travel Literature.

Open Access Dissertations from Macquarie University Department of Ancient History

 [First posted in AWOL 24 March 2017, updates 26 May 2022]

Open Access Dissertations from Macquarie University Department of Ancient History

Macquarie University, Sydney
Macquarie University ResearchOnline is Macquarie University's open access digital collection.

It is designed to promote globally, preserve locally and provide open access to the research and scholarly output of Macquarie University's staff, students and affiliates.



Authors: Kulikovsky, Mark
Date: 2020
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1278825
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: Evans, David
Date: 2020
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1280971
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Date: 2020
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1283349
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1269426
Description: Empirical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: Thomas, Zachary
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1279316
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: Zarate, Andrea
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1270101
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: Barnett, Charles
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1269446
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1269775
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: White, Kathryn
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1274900
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Authors: Rowling, Giles
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1274243
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text
Date: 2019
Language: eng
Resource Type: Thesis PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1282898
Description: Theoretical thesis.
Full Text: Full Text