The Melammu Project: The Intellectual Heritage of Assyria and Babylonia in East and West
The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian and Ancient Near Eastern culture from the third millennium BCE through the ancient world until Islamic times. It has two main activities: to organize conferences, and to provide resources relevant to the project on its website.
Melammu Symposia are held regularly and serve to promote interdisciplinary research and cross-cultural studies by providing a forum in which cultural continuity, diffusion and transformation in the ancient world can be assessed systematically on a long-term basis. The emphasis is on continued interchange of ideas between specialists in different disciplines, with the goal of gradually but steadily increasing the number of participants and thus breaking down the walls separating the individual disciplines. Although each symposium focuses on a different theme, since the primary purpose of the symposia is to encourage interdisciplinary cooperation per se, papers and posters not necessarily related to a specific theme but contributing to the overall scope of the project are welcome at every meeting.
The on-line resources provided by the Melammu Project include a database, a bibliography, a PDF library, and links to websites relevant to the project's focus. The database aims to collect textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence concerning the heritage of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East and to make it easily accessible on the Internet. All resources are open-ended, and everyone is invited to contribute new information through the website's submission forms.Digital Library
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Abusch 2001 Abusch, Tzvi. “The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Homeric Epics.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 1-6. [PDF] Abusch and West 2014 Abusch, Tzvi and Emily West. “The Tale of the Wild Man and the Courtesan in India and Mesopotamia. The Seductions of Ṛśyaśṛnga in the Mahābhārata and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 69-109. [Open Access] Annus 2001 Annus, Amar. “Ninurta and the Son of Man.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 7-17. [PDF] Annus 2006 Annus, Amar. “The Survivals of the Ancient Syrian and Mesopotamian Intellectual Traditions in the Writings of Ephrem Syrus.” Ugarit-Forschungen 38 (2006) 1-25. [PDF] Annus 2008 Annus, Amar. “The Soul's Journeys and Tauroctony. On Babylonian Sediment in the Syncretic Religious Doctrines of Late Antiquity.” In: Manfried L. G. Dietrich and Tarmu Kulmar (eds.). Body and Soul in the Conceptions of the Religions. Forschungen zur Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte 42. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2008, 1-46. [PDF] Annus 2009 Annus, Amar. “Some otherworldly journeys in Mesopotamian, Jewish, Mandaean and Yezidi traditions.” In: Mikko Luukko, Saana Svärd and Raija Mattila (eds.). Of God(s), Trees, Kings, and Scholars. Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola. Studia Orientalia 106. Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society 2009, 315-326. [PDF] Annus 2011 Annus, Amar. “The Mesopotamian Precursors of Adam's Garment of Glory and Moses' Shining Face.” In: Thomas R. Kämmerer (ed.). Identities and Societies in the Ancient East-Mediterranean Regions. Comparative Approaches. Henning Graf Reventlow Memorial Volume. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 390/1, Acta Antiqua Mediterranea et Orientalia 1. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2011, 1-17. [PDF] Annus 2012 Annus, Amar. “The Antediluvian Origin of Evil in the Mesopotamian and Jewish Traditions. A Comparative Study.” In: Tarmo Kulmar and Rüdiger Schmitt (eds.). Ideas of Man in the Conceptions of the Religions. Das Menschenbild in den Konzeptionen der Religionen. Forschungen zur Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte 43. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2012, 1-43. [PDF] Annus 2014 Annus, Amar. “Seeing Otherwise. On the Rules of Comparison in Historical Humanities.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 359-372. [Open Access] Aro 2000 Aro, Sanna. “Extracts from the Minutes of the Symposium.” In: S. Aro and R. M. Whiting (eds.). The Heirs of Assyria. Melammu Symposia 1. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2000, xvii-xx. [PDF] Aruz 1998 Aruz, J. “The Aegean and the Orient: The Evidence of Stamp and cylinder Seals.” In: Eric Cline and Diane Harris-Cline (eds.). The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary symposium, Cincinnati, 18-20 April 1997. Aegaeum 18. Liège and Austin: Université de Liège, Histoire de l'art et archéologie de la Grèce antique and University of Texas at Austin, Program in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory 1998, 301-310. [PDF] Basello 2002 Basello, Gian Pietro. “Elam and Babylonia. The evidence of the calendars.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 13-36. [PDF] Basello 2004 Basello, Gian Pietro. “Elam between Assyriology and Iranian Studies.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 1-40. [PDF] Beckman 2002 Beckman, Gary. “'My Sun-god'. Reflections of Mesopotamian conceptions of kingship among the Hittites.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 37-43. [PDF] Bichler 2004 Bichler, Reinhold. “Some Observations on the Image of the Assyrian and Babylonian Kingdoms within the Greek Tradition.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 499-518. [PDF] Burkert 1991 Burkert, Walter. “Homerstudien und Orient.” In: Joachim Latacz (ed.). Zweihundert Jahre Homer-Forschung. Rückblick und Ausblick. Colloquium Rauricum 2. Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner 1991, 155-181. [PDF] Burkert 2004 Burkert, Walter. “Gyges to Croesus. Historiography between Herodotus and Cuneiform.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 41-52. [PDF] Carile 2004 Carile, Antonio. “Political Thought in Byzantium as Seen by 20th Century Historians.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 53-85. [PDF] Cavallini 2004 Cavallini, Eleonora. “From Mazzarino until Today. Italian Studies between East and West.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 87-91. [PDF] Charaf and Chaaya 2002 Charaf, Hanan and Anis Chaaya. “Syriac Cult Places in Wadi Qadisha in Lebanon.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 45-52. [PDF] Chiodi 2002 Chiodi, Silvia Maria. “Plato and the Mesopotamian Astronomy.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 53-59. [PDF] Chiodi 2004 Chiodi, Silvia Maria. “Eracle tra Oriente e Occidente.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 93-116. [PDF] Crowley 1998 Crowley, J. L. “Iconography and Interconnections.” In: Eric Cline and Diane Harris-Cline (eds.). The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary symposium, Cincinnati, 18-20 April 1997. Aegaeum 18. Liège and Austin: Université de Liège, Histoire de l'art et archéologie de la Grèce antique and University of Texas at Austin, Program in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory 1998, 171-186. [PDF] Dalley 1991 Dalley, Stephanie. “The Gilgamesh epic and Manichaean themes.” ARAM 3 (1991) 23-33. [PDF] Dandamayev 2004 Dandamayev, Muhammad. “Twin Towns and Ethnic Minorities in First-Millennium Babylonia.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 137-151. [PDF] De Meis 2004 De Meis, Salvo. “Astronomical Reflexes in Ancient Coins.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 470-498. [PDF] De Meis 2004 De Meis, Salvo. “A Modern Approach to Assyrian-Babylonian Astronomy.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 117-127. [PDF] Demand 2004 Demand, Nancy. “Iron Age Cyprus. Recent Finds and Interpretative Strategies.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 257-269. [PDF] van Dongen 2010 van Dongen, Erik. Studying External Stimuli to the Development of the Ancient Aegean. The 'Kingship in Heaven'-Theme from Kumarbi to Kronos via Anatolia. diss. University College London 2010. van Dongen 2011 van Dongen, Erik. “The 'Kingship in Heaven'-Theme of the Hesiodic Theogony. Origin, Function, Composition.” Greek, Roman & Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 180-201. [PDF] Faraone 2002 Faraone, Christoper A. “From Magic Ritual to Semiotic Game. The Transformation of Neo-Assyrian Love Spells in Classical and Hellenistic Greece.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 61-74. [PDF] Fernández Fernández 2013 Fernández Fernández, Álvaro. “En búsqueda del paraíso caldaico.” ’Ilu. Revista de Ciencias de las Religiones 18 (2013) 57-94. [PDF] Frankfort 1955 Frankfort, Henri. Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 72. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press 1955. [PDF] Frye 2002 Frye, Richard N. “Mapping Assyria.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 75-78. [PDF] Frye 2004 Frye, Richard N. “Trade and Coinage on the Ancient 'Silk Route'.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 405-407. [PDF] Frye 2004 Frye, Richard N. “Truth and Lies in Ancient Iranian History.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 129-132. [PDF] Galter 2004 Galter, Hannes D. “Militärgrenze und Euphrathandel. Der sozio-ökonomische Hintergrund der Trilinguen von Arslan Tash.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 444-460. [PDF] Gariboldi 2004 Gariboldi, Andrea. “Monete dell’Iran preislamico dal Medagliere del Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna: catalogo e considerazioni in margine.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 133-159. [PDF] Gariboldi 2004 Gariboldi, Andrea. “Royal Ideological Patterns between Seleucid and Parthian Coins. The Case of Theopátoor.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 366-384. [PDF] Gariboldi 2014 Gariboldi, Andrea. “Elements of "Globalization" in Ancient Iranian Numismatics.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 287-298. [Open Access] Geller 1999 Geller, M. J. “The Babylonian Background to Talmudic Science.” European Association for Jewish Studies Newsletter 6 (1999) 27-31. [PDF] Geller 2000 Geller, Mark J. “The Survival of Babylonian Wissenschaft in Later Tradition.” In: S. Aro and R. M. Whiting (eds.). The Heirs of Assyria. Melammu Symposia 1. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2000, 1-6. [PDF] Geller 2004 Geller, Mark J. Akkadian Healing Therapies in the Babylonian Talmud. Preprint 259. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte 2004. [PDF] Geller 2014 Geller, M. J. “Introduction to Melammu. Early Globalization.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 5-13. [Open Access] Gnoli 2002 Gnoli, Tommaso. “"Pasgriba" at Hatra and Edessa.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 79-87. [PDF] Graßl 2004 Graßl, Herbert. “Marktorganisation und Preisbildung in der römischen Kaiserzeit.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 352-365. [PDF] Grottanelli 2001 Grottanelli, C. “The Story of Combabos and the Gilgamesh Tradition.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 19-27. [PDF] Gruenwald 2001 Gruenwald, I. “Ritual, Economy, and the Religion of Ancient Israel.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 29-46. [PDF] Gufler 2002 Gufler, Birgit. “Orientalische Wurzeln griechischer Gorgo-Darstellungen.” In: Monika Schuol, Udo Hartmann and Andreas Luther (eds.). Grenzüberschreitungen. Formen des Kontakts zwischen Orient und Okzident im Altertum. Oriens et Occidens 3. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2002, 61-81. [PDF] Harrak 2002 Harrak, A. “The Assembly of Seleucia on the Tigris according to the Syriac Acts of Mar Mari.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 109-118. [PDF] Hämeen-Anttila 2001 Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. “Descent and Ascent in Islamic Myth.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 47-67. [PDF] Hämeen-Anttila 2002 Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. “Continuity of Pagan Religious Traditions in Tenth-Century Iraq.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 89-108. [PDF] Hämeen-Anttila 2004 Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. “A "New" Source for Late Antique Paganism.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 408-419. [PDF] Janssen 2002 Janssen, Caroline. “At the Banquet of Cultures. Mesopotamia's Heritage in Arabic Times.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 119-133. [PDF] Jean 2014 Jean, Cynthia. “Globalization in Literature. Re-Examining the Gilgameš Affair.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 111-116. [Open Access] Jursa 2004 Jursa, Michael. “Grundzüge der Wirtschaftsformen Babyloniens im ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 115-136. [PDF] Karttunen 2002 Karttunen, Klaus. “The Naked Ascetics of India and Other Eastern Religions in the Greek and Roman Sources of the Late Classical Antiquity.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 135-142. [PDF] Karttunen 2004 Karttunen, Klaus. “Expansion of Oriental Studies in the Early 19th Century.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 161-167. [PDF] Karttunen 2014 Karttunen, Klaus. “India and World Trade. From the Beginnings to the Hellenistic Age.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 329-339. [Open Access] Kopcke 2004 Kopcke, Günter. “Mycenaean Kingship. A Speculative View.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 170-180. [PDF] Kratz 2002 Kratz, Reinhard. “From Nabonidus to Cyrus.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 143-156. [PDF] Kuhrt 2002 Kuhrt, Amélie. “Greek contact with the Levant and Mesopotamia in the first half of the first millennium BC. A view from the East.” In: G.R. Tsetskhladze and A.M. Snodgrass (eds.). Greek settlements in the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. BAR international series 1062. Oxford: Archaeopress 2002, 17-25. [PDF] Kuhrt 2007 Kuhrt, Amélie. “Ancient Near Eastern History. The Case of Cyrus the Great of Persia.” In: H.G.M. Williamson (ed.). Understanding the History of Ancient Israel. Proceedings of the British Academy 143. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2007, 107-127. [PDF] Lamassu 2014 Lamassu, Nineb. “Gilgamesh's Plant of Rejuvenation and Qãṭīne's Sīsīsãmbur.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 117-127. [Open Access] Lanfranchi 2000 Lanfranchi, Giovanni B. “The Ideological and Political Impact of the Assyrian Imperial Expansion on the Greek World in the 8th and 7th Centuries.” In: S. Aro and R. M. Whiting (eds.). The Heirs of Assyria. Melammu Symposia 1. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2000, 7-34. [PDF] Lawson 2001 Lawson, Jack N. “Mesopotamian Precursors to the Stoic Concept of Logos.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 68-91. [PDF] Levine 2002 Levine, Baruch A. “On the Role of Aramaic in Transmitting Syro-Mesopotamian Legal Institutions.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 157-166. [PDF] Levine 2004 Levine, Baruch A. “The Jewish Ketubbah as a 'Dialogue Document'. The Continuity of a Cuneiform Tradition.” In: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Melammu Symposia 4. Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004, 169-181. [PDF] Levine 2004 Levine, Baruch A. “Tracing the Biblical Accounting Register. Terminology and the Signification of Quantity.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 420-443. [PDF] Levine 2014 Levine, Baruch, A. “Global Monotheism. The Contribution of the Israelite Prophets.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 29-47. [Open Access] Luther 2004 Luther, Andreas. “Dura-Europos zwischen Palmyra und den Parthern. Der politische Status der Region am Mittleren Euphrat im 2. Jh. n.Chr. und die Organisation des palmyrenischen Fernhandels.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 327-351. [PDF] Martelli 2004 Martelli, Fabio. “Il progetto di colonizzazione Armena della Terra Santa nell 'eta' di T'oros II.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 519-527. [PDF] Masetti-Rouault 2014 Masetti-Rouault, Maria Grazia. “Globalization and Imperialism. Political and Ideological Reactions to the Assyrian Presence in Syria (IXth–VIIIth Century BCE).” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 49-68. [Open Access] Matthäus 1993 Matthäus, Hartmut. “Zur Rezeption orientalischer Kunst-, Kultur und Lebensformen in Griechenland.” In: Kurt Raaflaub and Elisabeth Müller-Luckner (eds.). Anfänge politischen Denkens in der Antike. Die nahöstlichen Kulturen und die Griechen. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien 24. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag 1993, 165-186. [PDF] Matthäus 1999 Matthäus, Hartmut. “The Greek Symposion and the Near East. Chronology and Mechanisms of Cultural Transfer.” In: Roald F. Docter and Eric M. Moormann (eds.). Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Amsterdam, July 12-17, 1998. Classical Archaeology towards the Third Millennium. Reflections and Perspectives. Allard Pierson Series 12. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum 1999, 256-260. [PDF] Matthäus 2000 Matthäus, Hartmut. “Motivwanderungen und Motivwandlungen in der phönikischen, zyprischen und archaisch griechischen Glyptik. Paradigmata religiöser Ikonographie.” In: Paul Åström and Dietrich Sürenhagen (eds.). Periplus. Festschrift für Hans-Günter Buchholz zu seinem achtzigsten Geburtstag am 24. Dezember 1999. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 127. Jonsered: P. Åströms Förlag 2000, 87-105. [PDF] Meißner 2004 Meißner, Burkhard. “Über Modelle antiker Geldverkehrssysteme.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 311-326. [PDF] Momrak 2014 Momrak, Kristoffer. “Ancient Near Eastern Polities and the Greek Polis. Secondary States, Structural Similarities and the Problem of Diffusion.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 341-357. [Open Access] Moukarzel 2014 Moukarzel, Kabalan. “Some Observations about "Foreigners" in Babylonia during the VI Century BCE/.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 129-155. [Open Access] Moukarzel 2014 Moukarzel, Kabalan. “The Religious Reform of Nabonidus. A Sceptical View.” In: Markham J. Geller (ed.). Melammu. The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization. Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge 7. Melammu Symposia 6. Edition Open Access 2014, 157-189. [Open Access] Möller 2004 Möller, Astrid. “Zur Aktualität der Wirtschaftsanthropologie Karl Polanyis.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 218-229. [PDF] Niemeyer 2004 Niemeyer, Hans Georg. “The Phoenicians and the Birth of a Multinational Mediterranean Society.” In: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.). Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Melammu Symposia 5. Oriens et Occidens 6. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004, 245-256. [PDF] Nissinen 2001 Nissinen, Martti. “Akkadian Rituals and Poetry of Divine Love.” In: R. M. Whiting (ed.). Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological approaches to intercultural influences. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001, 93-136. [PDF] Noegel 2002 Noegel, Scott B. “Dreaming and Ideology of Mantics. Homer and Ancient Near Eastern Oneiromancy.” In: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.). Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Melammu Symposia 3. Milan: Universita di Bologna & IsIAO 2002, 167-181. 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