Andrews, C.A.R. 2004: 1, 2: 17-20. An unusual inscribed amulet.
Amulets in the shape of an obelisk are
surprisingly rare; one which is inscribed with the names and titles of
its owner may well be unique. Even the titles themselves, firmly dated
by the amulet’s form, are otherwise unknown.
Bearman, G. & W.A. Christens-Barry. 2009: 6, 7: 1-20. Spectral imaging of ostraca.
By analogy with ancient texts, infrared
imaging of ostraca has long been employed to help improve readings. We
report on extensive spectral imaging of ostraca over the visible and
near infrared. Spectral imaging acquires the complete spectrum for each
pixel in an image; the data can be used with an extensive set of
software tools that were developed originally for satellite and
scientifi c imaging. In this case, the spectral data helps explain why
infrared imaging works to improve text legibility (and why not in some
cases). A better understanding of the underlying imaging mechanism
points the way for inexpensive methods for taking data either in the
field or at museums.
pdf
Bearman, G., M.S. Anderson & K. Aitchison. 2011: 8, 2: 1-7. New
imaging methods to improve text legibility of ostraca.
We report on experiments on three new
methods to improve text contrast for carbon ink ostraca. These are (1)
Raman imaging, (2) Micro-focus XRF scanning and (3) exogenous contrast
agents either to enhance the X-ray signal or create an optical fl
uorescence signal. We tested all three methods with modern ‘stunt’
ostraca, made using a variety of carbonbased inks. In each imaging
modality, the inks are clearly differentiated from the clay background.
The exogenous contrast enhancement, in particular, suggests a variety of
approaches to improving text legibility.
pdf
Brichieri-Colombi, S. 2015: 12, 1: 1-16. Engineering a feasible ramp for the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Although it is widely believed by
archaeologists that the Great Pyramid was built using sleds hauled up
ramps, no economically feasible ramp configuration has yet been found
which would have permitted the placement of the 44 granite beams
weighing up to 75 t and the 2.3 Mm3 of limestone blocks of the pyramid,
in a period corresponding to the 27 year reign of Pharaoh Khufu. This
paper focuses on engineering considerations: it proposes a simple
configuration which is structurally sound and consistent with the
archaeological evidence and the principles of ergonomics, mechanics and
materials engineering, with a volume of only 6% of that of the pyramid.
It demonstrates how the blocks, beams, supporting capstones and
pyramidion could have been placed using only the tools found at Giza
which date from the 4th Dynasty or earlier, within the constraints
imposed by the topography of the Giza Massif.
pdf
Brichieri-Colombi, S. 2019: 16, 1: 1-21. The ramp at Hatnub quarry: No solution for pyramids.
Certain features of the ramp first
uncovered by the IFAO/University of Liverpool team in 2015 at the Old
Kingdom alabaster quarry at Hatnub have been heralded as a model for
ramps used in construction of theGreat Pyramid of Giza. These features
include a steep slope of up 20% (11⁰), inclined stairways on both
sidesand post holes at regular intervals. The archaeologists hypothesize
that these features allowed the haul team to be split into two groups,
one hauling upslope with a direct pull, and the other downslope on ropes
passed around the posts “acting as pulleys”, thus enabling a steep
slope to be used. This paper is based on the physics of various
arrangements and demonstrates that the hypothesis is untenable as the
posts would have acted asbollards and provided no mechanical advantage.
The posts were necessary because of the problems large haul teams would
have had negotiating the curvature of the ramp. Interesting as the
features at Hatnub are, they are unnecessary and undesirable on the
ramps that would have been required for pyramid construction, and the
hypothesis should be rejected.
pdf
Brichieri-Colombi, S. 2020. 17, 3: 1-20 A spurred spiral ramp for the Great Pyramid of Giza.
An easier and equally feasible
configuration of spiral ramps for the construction of the Great Pyramid
of Giza (Brichieri-Colombi, 2015), would be for a spiral ramp extended
as a spur tangential to the pyramid rather than orthogonal to it. The
general arrangement, which could have been used for many other large
pyramids as well, is similar to that proposed by Lehner (1985: 129-132),
but without the mass of temporary works that Lehner envisaged. It
avoids the need to create a trench over the body of the pyramid during
construction, as proposed by Arnold (1991: 98), while respecting the
constraints imposed by the available tools, workforce capabilities and
design features of the pyramid. Finding the ideal configuration would
not have been easy for the ancient builders, but this paper demonstrates
how they could have done so with models. It also addresses the key
construction issues associated with spiral ramps. An analysis of the
construction effort required demonstrates that a ramp slope of 1:6
(9.5⁰) would have minimised the work involved. This finding suggests
that pyramid construction hypotheses should be evaluated in terms of
both feasibility and optimality to assess which are the most likely to
have been adopted by ancient Egyptians.
pdf
Claus, B. 2005: 3, 1: 1-121. Introduction bibliographique à l’Égyptologie
–
pdf
Cockcroft, R. & S. Symons. 2013: 10, 3: 1-10. Diagonal star
tables on coffins A1C and S2Hil: A new triangle decan and a reversed
table.
We present updates for two ancient
Egyptian diagonal star tables on coffins A1C and S2Hil. A1C reveals a
new triangle decan, HAt sAbw, which brings the total number of triangle
decans to 13 and the total number of unique triangle decans to 12
(because of the duplication of nTr DA pt). We discuss its relevance, why
it has likely remained hidden for so long, and why it may have been
lost on other star tables. S2Hil is re-examined with new photographs
provided by the Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Hildesheim. We find
several striking features of this table that make it unique among the
current collection, and also present more information of this table not
previously identified.
pdf
Cooney, K.M. & J. Tyrrell. 2005: 4, 1: 1-14. Scarabs in the Los
Angeles County Museum of Art. Part I. Distributed propaganda or intimate
protection?
This case study of 79 unprovenanced
scarabs and scaraboid amulets in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art
addresses glyptics, miniaturisation, distribution, and reception.
Meaning and function can only be examined by broadening our
investigatory criteria outside of the norm (typological and categorical)
to included semiotic, anthropological and psychological factors,
allowing an understanding of a scarab as a powerful social tool, not
only tied to personal religious beliefs, but also to state propaganda,
as well as state cultic powers, i.e., the king and his cosmic,
ritualistic role in ancient Egyptian cosmology and society. The multiple
grammatical and symbolic meanings of the abstractions found on scarab
bases seem purposely intended to fulfil multiple functions at one and
the same time.
pdf
Cooney, K.M. & J. Tyrrell. 2005: 4, 2: 15-98. Scarabs in the Los
Angeles County Museum of Art. Part II. Catalogue. Online version.
This catalogue publishes 79 scarabs,
scaraboids, and heart scarabs now in the Los Angeles County Museum of
Art (LACMA). Each entry includes information on dating, dimensions,
materials, description, and inscriptions, if any. Also included is a
list of parallels of other scarabs or scaraboids with similar base
decoration. The catalogue is divided according to the genre of the
scarabs’ base decoration, of which there are seven: 1) King’s names,
epithets, and images, 2) Apotropaic and divine iconography, 3) Personal
titles and names, 4) Near Eastern motifs and adaptation, 5) Geometric
and stylised patterns, 6) Heart Scarabs, and 7) Uninscribed scarabs.
pdf
Creasman, P.P., H. Touchane, C.H. Baisan, H. Bassir, R. Caroli, N.
Doyle, H. Herrick, M.A. Koutkat & R. Touchan. 2017: 14, 3: 1-35. An
illustrated glossary of Arabic-English dendrochronology terms and
names.
This illustrated glossary presents a
selection of essential terms and people in the study of
dendrochronology, in Arabic and English. It is intended to make
accessible an array of related literature to Arabic readers, in hopes
that the application of tree-ring research will be more widely applied
to archaeological studies, especially in Egypt.
pdf
Fradley, M. & S. Hardouin. 2019: 16, 2: 1-21. Remote sensing of endangered archaeology on Gebel Ataqah, Egypt.
This paper reports on a recent survey of a
range of archaeological sites on and around Gebel Ataqah, a mountain
area to the west of Suez. These sites were identified through the
analysis of publicly available satellite imagery, principally Google
Earth (GE), as part of the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and
North Africa (EAMENA) project, supplemented by historical references to
the area and notes published by earlier travellers. The absence of
existing archaeological data is due to a military presence in this area,
from at least the 1950s, limiting access and exploration. The results
of this survey show high levels of archaeological potential across large
parts of Gebel Ataqah that require more detailed analysis on the
ground, in an important, yet often underexplored, region. A series of
major current and future threats to these archaeological sites are also
identified which, alongside the presented survey data, will inform any
future heritage management schemes.
pdf
Gosling, J., P. Manti & P.T. Nicholson. 2004: 2, 1: 1-12.
Discovery and conservation of a hoard of votive bronzes from the Sacred
Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara.
This paper outlines the discovery of a
hoard of votive bronzes from the Sacred Animal Necropolis at North
Saqqara, and gives the background to the original work at the site by
Professor W.B. Emery. This collection of material gives an interesting
insight into the range of objects offered at the shrines of the Sacred
Animal Necropolis, and gives us a glimpse of just how popular these
cults were. Also, the methods used in the conservation of these bronzes
are presented.
pdf
Grajetzki, W. 2020: 17, 2: 1-29. The coffin of Nywty (Nuti), Saqqara.
The publication of a coffin found in 1982
by the excavations under the direction of the late Professor Peter
Munro at Saqqara. e coffin dates to the 6th Dynasty and shows some rare
features such as an offering list on the outside and the omission of
gods’ names in the texts.
pdf
Haan, H.J. 2009: 6, 2: 1-22. Building the Great Pyramid by Levering. A Mathematical Model.
A review of the extensive literature on
the building of the Egyptian pyramids reveals that so far this problem
has not been treated in a systematic, quantitative way. The present
study aims at filling this gap by means of an integrated mathematical
model, taking into account the interaction between various activities
involved, such as quarrying, transportation and building. I focus my
attention on the largest pyramid, the one built by Khufu. The model
simulates an efficient project co-ordination by balancing supply and
demand of the building material, with all activities related to the
growth of the pyramid and assuming a constant total workforce. This
makes it possible to determine the effect of different building methods
and of the productivity of the workers on the workforce required for the
various tasks. In this paper only one building method has been
considered, namely levering. Calculations have been carried out for two
sets of input data, indicated as base case and maximum case. Assuming a
project duration of 20 years with 2624 working hours per year, the
workforce for this building method is estimated to range from 4 000 to
10 000 men directly involved in the building of the pyramid and the
supply of the necessary material.
pdf
Harbort, J., Ö. Gürvit, L.A. Beck & T. Pommerening. 2008: 1, 1:
18. Extraordinary dental findings in an Egyptian mummy skull by means of
Computed Tomography
An ancient Egyptian mummy skull from the
Zoological Collection Marburg, Germany, was examined using computer
assisted tomography. In this skull (referred to as Mummy skull no. 24)
of a man who lived circa 50 BC we found three of his teeth in the
cranial cavity. They had been retained after their loss caused by
periodontal disease, and were inserted into the cranial cavity via a
trans-sphenoidal hole, probably during the process of mummification. In
this article we describe the reasons for the loss of these three teeth
and consider possible motivations for this extraordinary conservation.
We believe this is the first time such a procedure has been reported. It
is discussed in an historical-religious context, emphasizing the
mythological background. Furthermore, the medico-pharmaceutical methods
to cure periodontal disease are described with reference to the ancient
Egyptian medical papyrus Ebers – in the case of Mummy skull no. 24 one
of the causes of loss of teeth.
pdf
Harrell, J.A. 2004: 1, 1: 1-16. Petrographic investigation of Coptic
limestone sculptures and reliefs in the Brooklyn Museum of Art.
The so-called ‘Coptic’ limestone
sculptures and reliefs of the Sheikh Ibada group were originally thought
to date from Egypt’s Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods, but are
now considered to be modern forgeries by most scholars. This conclusion
is based on their anomalous stylistic characteristics. The limestone
from which these objects are carved has not been previously studied,
however. Such a study was undertaken for 31 objects in the Brooklyn
Museum of Art’s Coptic collection. The objective was to locate the
geographic source(s) of the limestone varieties through identification
of the geologic formation(s) that supplied them. Most of the limestone
almost certainly comes from Egypt’s Mokattam Formation, which is widely
distributed within and beyond the Nile Valley from Cairo in the north to
Maghagha 160 km to the south. The limestone for four of the objects
could have come from other formations further south but may also
originate from the Mokattam. It is within the part of Egypt where
Mokattam outcrops occur that most of the demonstrably genuine Coptic
limestone sculptures and reliefs have been excavated. The modern forgers
who copied these ancient works used the same limestone and probably had
their workshops within the Mokattam region.
pdf
Harrell, J.A. 2006: 4, 1: 1-12. Archaeological geology of Wadi Sikait.
Emerald, a green transparent variety of
beryl, was one of the most highly prized gemstones in antiquity. The
earliest known emerald mine is located in the valley of Wadi Sikait in
Egypt’s southern Eastern Desert, where mining probably began toward the
end of the Ptolemaic period in the 1st century BC. Most of the mining
activity, however, dates to the Early and Late Roman periods (1st to
mid–2nd centuries and 4th to early 6th centuries AD, respectively) with
much reduced activity during the Middle Roman period (late 2nd to 3rd
centuries AD). The Romans referred to emerald as smaragdus and named the
Sikait region Mons Smaragdus or Emerald Mountain. An archaeological
geology survey of Wadi Sikait was undertaken for the purpose of mapping
the distribution of ancient mine workings, deducing the ancient mining
methods, and describing the geologic occurrence of emerald. It was found
that emerald and other green beryls occur within the contact zone
between phlogopite schist and intrusive quartz and pegmatite veins. The
workings, which were excavated in the softer phlogopite schist with
flat–edged chisels and pointed picks, are mostly shallow open–cut
trenches that follow the quartz/pegmatite veins. Some workings continue
as much as 100 meter underground and are still largely unexplored.
Steatite and quartz mica schist also occur in Wadi Sikait and were
quarried by the Romans for building stone.
pdf
Harrell, J.A. 2017: 14, 2: 1-16. A preliminary overview of ancient Egyptian stone beads.
Stone beads are one of the most common
artifacts of ancient Egypt, but despite this they have received little
attention from scholars. The first and only attempt at a comprehensive
study is the late 1930’s investigation of Nai Xia, who looked at beads
in all materials at what is now the Petrie Museum of Egyptian
Archaeology, University College London, UK. The present survey builds on
the work of Xia, and offers summaries on two aspects of stone beads:
first, the relative amounts of rock and mineral varieties used during
each period of Egyptian history; and second, the changes in bead form,
perforation and polish through time for broad categories of stone.
pdf
Ikram, S., J. Kaiser & R. Walker. 2013: 10, 1: 1-31. The bioarchaeology of ancient Egypt. Abstracts.
–
pdf
Janssen, R. 2020: 17, 1: 1-11. The pleated dress of Nywty.
A description of a fragment of a pleated
dress, discovered in situ in 1982 by the late Peter Munro and his team
in the tomb of Nywty. An evaluation of its importance for our
understanding of pleated dresses in ancient Egypt.
pdf
Krauss, R. 2009: 6, 1: 1-20. Der Berliner „Spaziergang im Garten“ –
antiker Murks oder moderne Fälschung? Mit einem Exkurs über Heinrich
Schäfers Ägyptenaufenthalt 1898-1901.
The relief slab Berlin 15000, popularly
known as ‘the stroll in the garden’, which depicts a royal couple in
Amarna style, was acquired around 1900 in Egypt on the art market, and
thus lacks an archaeological provenance. Features in favour of its
authenticity include the physical proportions of the figures, the
anatomically ‘correct’ depiction of their feet, and their costume in
general, though not in detail. Other features suggest the relief could
be a forgery – for example, the fact that the figures are not typically
‘top-heavy,’ the use of the line customarily indicating the kilt for
drawing the king’s lower left leg, the absence of compositional unity in
a scene purportedly of the Amarna period, and iconographically
unparalleled details of the queen’s sash and cloak. These and other
factors, both pro and contra authenticity, are reviewed and considered.
pdf
Krauss, R. With a contribution by Victor Reijs. 2012: 9, 5: 1-95.
Babylonian crescent observation and Ptolemaic-Roman lunar dates.
This article considers three questions
associated with Ptolemaic-Roman lunar chronology: did the temple service
begin on Lunar Day 2; were lunar phases determined by observation
and/or cyclically; how accurate were lunar observations? In the
introduction, Babylonian and modern observations of old and new
crescents are analyzed to obtain empirical visibility lines applicable
to Egyptian lunar observations.
pdf
Magli, G. 2010: 7, 5: 1-9. Archaeoastronomy and archaeo-topography as
tools in the search for a missing Egyptian
pyramid.
Among the royal pyramids of the 6th
Egyptian Dynasty, that of the second king, Userkare, is missing. This
Pharaoh, however, ruled long enough – two to four years – to plan his
pyramid on the ground and have the workers excavate the substructure.
Userkare’s unfinished tomb might therefore be buried in the sands of the
Memphite necropolis, possibly with a copy of the Pyramid Texts carved
on its walls. In the present paper, methods based on archaeo-topography
and archaeoastronomy have been applied with the aim of finding the
possible location of the building site of this monument.
pdf
Miatello, L. 2005: 1, 1: 1-12. The design of the Snefru pyramids at Dahshur and the Netjerikhet pyramid at Saqqara.
This investigation concerns the
mathematical structure in the design of the north and south pyramids at
Dahshur. The odd form of the Bent pyramid and the architectural layout
of the two pyramids will be ascribed to an organic theory of the
emerging solar religion, in a logical parallelism with the Great
pyramid, and in the context of principals of sacred mathematics that in
some aspects can be traced back to the plan of the Step pyramid at
Saqqara.
pdf
Miatello, L. 2010: 7, 6: 1-36. Examining the Grand Gallery in the pyramid of Khufu and its features.
The explanation of the symmetrical
features on the west and east sides of the grand gallery in the pyramid
of Khufu has always been an intricate puzzle for researchers. The
existence of such peculiar features is generally related to the function
of parking the granite plugs, but only three or four granite blocks
were presumably used to plug the ascending corridor, while a much larger
number of slots and niches are found in the gallery. Previous
interpretations of niches, slots, cuttings and grooves are
unsatisfactory, and the present investigation focuses on important,
formerly neglected aspects. The analysis of numerical patterns in the
design of the grand gallery provides crucial evidence, and a new
interpretation of the features in the gallery is, therefore, proposed,
by considering the numerous variables implied in the problem.
pdf
Naguib, S.-A. 2007: 2, 1: 1-8. The shifting values of authenticity and fakes
The present article discusses the
shifting values of authenticity and fakes. Using a biographical approach
and the notion of things’ social life it examines an Egyptianised
relief which according to the author is probably the work of the ‘Master
of Berlin’, Oxan Aslanian, and investigates the wider context in which
the object was conceived. The period under consideration is from the
19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The article goes on
to explicate that fakes of ancient Egyptian art were circulated through
multiplex social networks involving antiquities dealers, fakers and
academics from different cultural backgrounds. By following the
trajectories of these objects we may reconstruct their environments and
map the web of social networks tied to them.
pdf
Paijmans, H. & A. Brandsen. 2010: 7, 2: 1-6. Searching in
archaeological texts. Problems and solutions using an artificial
intelligence approach.
Searching in documents using full text
indices is a powerful tool for retrieving relevant portions of text.
However, performance is impeded by ambiguity in texts: similar words may
have totally different meanings according to context. This also is true
if the words are numbers, periods and place names, especially in
archaeological and historical contexts. A new way of indexing texts
allows for better and easier searching. This system has been developed
in a collaboration between the RCE (The Dutch National Service for
Cultural Heritage)1 and the University of Tilburg. With Open Boek,2 it
is possible to search on chronological and geographical expressions, as
well as regular keywords. In the newest version of Open Boek a number of
additions to the system have been made to further improve the
functionality.
pdf
Reader, C.D. 2006: 2, 1: 1-13. Response to Vandecruys (2006). The
Sphinx: dramatising data….and dating. – PalArch, series Archaeology of
Egypt/Egyptology 1, 1: 1–13.
In a previous paper (Vandecruys, 2006),
the evidence presented by the current author for re–dating the Sphinx of
Giza and a number of other structures present within the Giza
necropolis has been reassessed. Following this re–assessment, Vandecruys
has raised a number of objections to the current author’s thesis. The
current paper provides a response to the criticism of Vandecruys and
presents further arguments in support of Early Dynastic development at
Giza, of which the Sphinx is considered to have formed an important
element.
pdf
Reader, C.D. 2006: 3, 2: 12-25. Further considerations on development at Giza before the 4th Dynasty.
Two previous papers produced by
Vandecruys have been critical of the theories of erosion of the Sphinx
by rainfall run–off, previously advanced by Reader. In a final response
to Vandecruys’ theory that the extant degradation can be attributed to
shallow groundwater movement, Reader explains the limitations of
Vandecruys’ groundwater model and further discusses the case for
development at Giza before the 4th Dynasty.
pdf
Roode, van, S.M. 2003: 0, 0: 1-7. Observations on the ibw-tent: preliminary results
The preliminary results of a study on the
Old Kingdom ibw-tent are presented. The physical appearance of the tent
itself will be discussed as well as the function the tent might have
had: it was both the entrance to the actual necropolis and the gateway
to the netherworld.
pdf
Theis, C. 2017: 14, 1: 1-25. Egyptian funerary cones from various auctions and collections.
The article presents a list of funerary
cones, which were not included in one of the last collections of the
material. These objects were mainly collected from auctions, and the aim
is to make these cones available for scholars.
pdf
Tomorad, M. 2004: 3, 1: 1-6. Egyptology in Croatia.
This paper presents a short overview of
the history of Egyptology in Croatia. It describes the earliest
scientific approaches to Egyptology and the latest project to disclose
the Egyptian artefacts in Croatia.
pdf
Tomorad, M. 2004: 3, 2: 7-11. Croato-Aegyptica Electronica. Database
of the Egyptian antiquities in Croatian museum and private collections.
In Croatia are more than 4.030 Egyptian
artefacts in 20 museums and an unknown number in private collections.
The basic aim of the project ‘Croato-Aegyptica Electronica’ (CAE) is to
select relevant material presenting the Egyptian cultural heritage in
Croatia both in institutions and private collections.
pdf
Tomorad, M. 2005: 2, 1: 1-33. The Egyptian antiquities in Croatia.
Approximately 5000 Egyptian artifacts
(dated until the Arab conquest in 642 AD) are housed in Croatia. Most of
these can be found in museums but various objects are housed in private
collections. This presents these collections and shortly discusses
them, giving information on for instance the historical backgrounds as
well as the scientific value.
pdf
Vandecruys, G. 2006: 1, 1: 1-13. The Sphinx: dramatising data … and dating.
Geology and archaeology, carefully
entwined, form the basis for deciding on a date of construction for the
Great Sphinx at Giza. Over a decade after Robert Schoch’s controversial
Pre–Dynastic proposal, Colin Reader takes up the debate again in the new
millennium, and suggests a less extreme re–dating to the Early–Dynastic
era. In tracing the data that forms the backbone for the ‘older Sphinx’
theories, I have found that a model of groundwater seepage leading to
increased salt weathering rates explains the currently visible erosion
morphology without requiring a change in the accepted chronology. On the
archaeological side, several surrounding Giza monuments place an
important limit on the possibility for an older Sphinx.
pdf
Vandecruys, G. 2006: 3, 1: 1-11. Response to Reader (2006): more geological and archaeological data on the Sphinx discussion.
In a review of the critiques raised by
Vandecruys (2006), Reader (2006) clarifies his position on the
geological and archaeological situation of the Sphinx, and adds extra
data to support his case. The current paper will outline exactly how and
why Reader’s response fails to attribute the Sphinx to the Early
Dynastic era, and why a 4th Dynasty dating is still most likely when
checked against the available evidence.
pdf
Veldmeijer, A.J. 2007: 1, 1: 1-36. Preliminary report on the
leatherwork from Roman Berenike, Egyptian Red Sea Coast (1994–2000).
The excavations at Berenike during the
1994–2000 season yielded various finds of skin and leather. Leatherwork
is one of the neglected fields in the study of ancient Egypt and it is
therefore that this paper presents the leatherwork from this important
site, even though the material has not been studied in as much detail as
would be necessary. All discussed objects were excavated from early
Roman rubbish layers.
pdf
Veldmeijer, A.J. 2009: 6, 4: 1-21. Studies of Ancient Egyptian
Footwear. Technological Aspects.Part XV. Leather Curled-Toe Ankle
Shoes.
In ancient Egypt sandals were a common
commodity despite the fact that people must have been used to walking on
bare feet. Shoes were less common though several types are known from
the archaeological record. Despite the many examples of footwear,
however, detailed studies are lacking. The present paper presents the
closed shoes ‘curled-toe ankle shoes’, that are made of leather. The
focus, as is usual in this series, lies on manufacturing technology;
other topics are discussed in passing. A preliminary typology is
proposed.
pdf
Veldmeijer, A.J. 2009: 6, 9: 1-27. Studies of ancient Egyptian
footwear. Technological aspects. Part X. Leather composite sandals.
The tenth part in the series on the
manufacturing technology of ancient Egyptian footwear (phase I of the
Ancient Egyptian Footwear Project) presents 15 so-called ‘leather
composite sandals’. These well made sandals, usually in bright colours
and decorated, are known from New Kingdom contexts; they were not a
common commodity. Although the focus is on the technological aspects,
several other topics will be dealt with nonetheless, albeit in passing,
among which the preliminary typology.
pdf
Veldmeijer, A.J. 2011: 8, 5: 1-31. Studies of ancient Egyptian footwear. Technological aspects.Part XIV. Leather eared sandals.
Leather Eared Sandals, i.e. sandals with
pre-straps that are cut from the sole’s leather, are a well known
category of sandals in ancient Egypt, mainly because the manufacturing
is depicted in scenes that decorate tombs. Based on archaeological fi
nds, we can recognise several subcategories and types. The present
paper, as part of the Ancient Egyptian Footwear Project’s publication
series, presents the technological details of this category of leather
sandals. As usual in this series of papers, other topics are discussed
in passing.
pdf
Veldmeijer, A.J. & S. Ikram. 2012: 9, 2: 1-14. First International Chariot Conference. Schedule and Abstracts.
–
pdf
Verhoogt, A.M.F.W. 2004: 1, 3: 21-25. Family relations in early Roman Tebtunis.
This paper explores two families and the
ties that bind them in early Roman Tebtunis. Both families belonged to
the village elite of Tebtunis, but seemingly to different ends of it.
The reason that nonetheless both families saw fit to marry their
children to one another could reflect a marriage strategy on both ends,
which in turn could be interpreted as a reaction to the coming of Roman
rule to Egypt.
pdf
Wild, J.P. & F. Wild. 2007: 2, 2: 1-9. The textiles from Sikait (Egyptian Eastern Desert).
The 2003 season at Sikait yielded ten
textile fragments from six different late Roman contexts. They were not
examined on site; but the photographs on which the descriptions below
are based were of sufficiently fine resolution to enable most of the
basic data to be extracted.
pdf
Willems, H.O. 2003: 0, 1: 8-24. The Belgian excavations at Deir al-Barsja, season 2003.
The mission of the KU Leuven at Deir
al-Barsha realised its second season. Research in the quarries led to
the discovery of hundreds of new inscriptions of the time of Nectanebo I
and II. Much time was devoted to the study of a large graffito
depicting forty, mostly Greek, ships. Another interesting discovery is
the presence of quarry graffiti dated to years 10 and 11 of Akhenaten.
In the area of the nomarchal tombs of the Middle Kingdom, the epigraphic
record of tombs 8-10 was finished. The clearance in and in front of the
tomb of Djehutihotep was pursued. This has led to a better
understanding of the architecture of the monument, to the rediscovery of
four tomb shafts of the subordinates of the nomarch, and to the
recovery of parts of Djehutihotep’s tomb equipment. The excavation of
some pits inside the tomb led to the discovery of decorated wall
fragments. Further downhill Old Kingdom tombs on the northern flank of
the wadi were excavated. Some tomb equipment of that date or slightly
later has been found, but the area turns out to have been intensively
reused in later periods as well. Interestingly, numerous tombs turn out
to contain Second Intermediate Period burials containing ceramic of
Upper Egyptian style. Some tombs also yielded burials of Graeco-Roman
date. In and around the early Christian habitations much evidence was
found of food consumption on a grand scale. The excavation in the plain
led to the discovery of an untouched cemetery area. The tombs date to
the early Middle Kingdom and at least one was undisturbed.
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Yarmolovich, V. & E. Chepel. 2019: 16, 3: 1-27. Achaemenid influence on Egyptian pottery: New evidence from Memphis.
The authors analyse new pottery finds
from recent excavations of the Centre for Egyptological Studies (Russian
Academy of Sciences [CES RAS]) at Memphis. Three groups of
archaeological material present particular interest for our discussion:
14 fragments of high-necked bowls, 33 beakers, and one table amphora.
All these vessels were produced using Egyptian clays, but their shapes
imitate Persian types. Comparison of these new finds with Near Eastern
parallels provides insights into aspects of the political agenda of the
Achaemenid rulers of Egypt and the extent of cultural interaction and
exchange in the 6th-4th c. BCE. The article includes a catalogue of the
new pottery (with detailed descriptions, dates, archaeological contexts,
and drawings), and a catalogue of the clays that were used in their
production.
pdf
Zahradnik, E. 2009: 6, 8: 1-7. Zur Darstellung eines Königs mit krankhaftem Beinbefund auf dem Relief „Spaziergang im Garten“.
The relief Berlin 15000 from the Amarna
Period, known as ‘The Stroll in the Garden’ most likely shows
Tutankhamun with an injury of the left leg. According to a specialist in
accident surgery who also practices sports medicine, the relief shows a
man leaning on an auxiliary crutch whose left leg seems to be injured,
as he is holding the crutch on his right side. This assumption is
further strengthened by the fact that in 2005, a new CT scan of the
mummy of Tutankhamun diagnosed a fracture of the left leg. Tutankhamun
was also the sole king to be represented with sticks in his hands, and a
high number of sticks were among his grave goods. I elaborate on the
unusual representation of a young king holding a staff and the potential
medical consequences and complications of a broken leg.
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