The Distribution of Tin (Cassiterite) - Mediterranean Bronze Age

The Distribution of Tin (Cassiterite) - Mediterranean Bronze Age

The Tin (Cassiterite) Distribution Google Earth 3D GIS Project was originally initiated in 2007 and has finally come to fruition. It is intended to definitively present all currently known instances of the primary ore of Tin throughout the entirety of Europe, the Middle East, and all of North Africa in an attempt to begin to finally put to an end the lingering controversy regarding the availability of Tin to the Eastern Mediterranean during the Bronze Age.

This mapping includes geological expressions of Tin that range from the largest ancient and modern mines to the smallest, most uneconomical ore sites. While Bronze Age peoples would not have known of the deep sites discovered by modern geophysical techniques or would have wasted their time on the tiniest instances of the ore, they must have been aware of many of the most abundant and accessible sources of Cassiterite from the alluvial deposits in river sediments, etc...

Instructions

If you already have Google Earth setup on your computer all you need to do is download the GIS mapping below but if not you will need to download the free version here:

Download Google Earth

With Google Earth downloaded, installed, and working properly on your computer you are now ready to download the GIS mapping file:

*NOTE: Please refresh (reload) this webpage to download the latest version.

Current Version: November 21, 2013
Download Tin Distribution Bronze Age GIS Mapping

Once downloaded simply open it and Google Earth will automatically start up and display the mapping from a great elevation. You can grab the map and move it anywhere you wish by holding down the left mouse button. There are three controls on the upper right of the screen. The top one is for tilting and rotating. The middle one is for panning and the bottom slider is for zooming in and out. Just position an area of interest in the center of the screen and zoom in to see the map's detail. The latitude, longitude, and elevation of your mouse position is displayed on the bottom of the screen.

Open Access Audio: Ancient Studies Articles

Ancient Studies Articles

This is a podcast of audio versions of ancient studies journal articles and book reviews. Conceived by Sarah Bond, an ancient historian at Marquette University, and Kristina Killgrove, a bioarchaeologist at the University of West Florida, this podcast will bring interdisciplinary research to your earbuds on a weekly basis. Our goal is to increase the popularity of research that cross cuts disciplinary boundaries, including classics, history, linguistics, archaeology, anthropology, philology, art, and osteology. Just as we are committed to bringing these topics together in our research, we hope to bring you audio versions of fascinating articles each week.

Sudan Open Archive

Sudan Open Archive

The Sudan Open Archive offers free digital access to knowledge about all regions of Sudan. It is an expanding, word-searchable, full-text database of historical and contemporary books and documents. The current version, SOA 3.0, includes two new special collections: the first thirty-two volumes of Sudan Notes and Records, Sudan’s flagship scholarly journal, and the collected papers of the late Sudan scholar, Richard Gray.

History & Archaeology

	ARTICLE Edmonds, J. M. A Ruin in Wadi el Qasr Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Palmer, H. R. A Bornu Mahram and the Pre-Tunjur Rulers of Wadai Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Beaton, A. C. A Chapter in Bari History - The History of Sindiru, Bilinian and Mogiri. Part I Sindiru Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE A Description of Some Old Towers in the Red Sea Province, North Port of Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Massey, R. E. A Note of the Early History of Cotton Sudan Notes and Records Volume 6 Khartoum : 1923 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. A Note on Bari History Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Shinnie, P. L. A Note on some Fragments of Stamped Pottery from Christian Nubia Sudan Notes and Records Volume 31 Khartoum : 1950 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Crowfoot, J. W. A Note on the Date of the Towers Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Shinnie, P. L. A Note on the Foregoing Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Andrew, G. A Note on the Zeolite Artefacts Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Edmonds, J. M. A Quartz Arrowhead from Zankor Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Thitherington,G. W. A Roman Fort in the Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 21 Khartoum : 1938 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Kirwan, L. P. A Survey of Nubian Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Jackson, H. C. A Trek in Abu Hamed District Sudan Notes and Records Volume 9 Khartoum : 1926 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Addison, F and Dunham, Dows Alem. A Merotic Site Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Grabham, G. An Ancient Sudani Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. An Extinct Darfur Hoe Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. Andre Melly's Visit to Khartoum 1850 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 21 Khartoum : 1938 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Addison, F. Antiquities at Sennar Sudan Notes and Records Volume 18 Khartoum : 1935 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE West, Amarah Archaeological Discovering during Winter 1947-48 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 29 Khartoum : 1948 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Chataway, J. D. P Archaeology in the Southern Sudan. I - Some Ancient Sites Near Roseires Sudan Notes and Records Volume 13 Khartoum : 1930 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Correspondence - Sudan Weapons Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Darfur Antiquities Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Darfur Antiquities Sudan Notes and Records Volume 27 Khartoum : 1946 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Darfur Antiquities Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Hillelson, S. David Reubeni, An Early Visitor to Sennar Sudan Notes and Records Volume 16 Khartoum : 1933 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Discovery of the Tombs of the Egyptian XXVth Dynasty at El-Kurrow in Dongola Province Sudan Notes and Records Volume 2 Khartoum : 1919 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Wheeler, N. F. Excavation of The Havard- Boston Expedition in Halfa province,1930-1931 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 15 Khartoum : 1932 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Excavations at Semna and Uronarti by the Harvard- Boston Expedition Sudan Notes and Records Volume 12 Khartoum : 1929 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Mitford, B. R. Extract From the Diary of a Sulbatern on the Nile in the Eighties and Nineties Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Mitford, B. R. Extract from the Diary of a Subaltern on the Nile in the Eighties and Nineties Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Mitford, B. R. Extracts from the Diary of a Subaltern on the Nile in the Eighties and Nineties Sudan Notes and Records Volume 18 Khartoum : 1935 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Jackson, H. W. Fashoda, 1898 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 3 Khartoum : 1920 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Forged Mahdi Pounds Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Smith, H. F. C. & Adam, Abdelrahman Four Ancient Sites in the Island of Meroe Sudan Notes and Records Volume 31 Khartoum : 1950 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Chatawat, J. D. P. Fung Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Fung Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 15 Khartoum : 1932 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Nalder, L. F. Fung Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 14 Khartoum : 1931 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Robertson, J. W. Fung Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Historical Inscriptions from Gebel Barkal Sudan Notes and Records Volume 4 Khartoum : 1921 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Lampen, G. D. History of Darfur Sudan Notes and Records Volume 31 Khartoum : 1950 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Wainwright, G. A Iron in the Napatan and Meriotic ages Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. Italian Travellers in the Berta Country Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Kohl Pins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Crawford, O. G. S L U L Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. Mansfield Parkyns and his projected History of the Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. & Addisson, F. Meriotic Remains Sudan Notes and Records Volume 9 Khartoum : 1926 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J More about Fung Origins Sudan Notes and Records Volume 27 Khartoum : 1946 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Whitehead, G. O. Nagaa and Masawwarat Sudan Notes and Records Volume 9 Khartoum : 1926 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Robinson, E. A. Nimr, The Last King of Shendi Sudan Notes and Records Volume 8 Khartoum : 1925 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Walker, J. Note: The Coinage of Ali Dinar Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Balfour Paul, H. G. Notes - Decorated Pipes of the Fung Kingdom Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Sanders, G. E. R. & Owen, T. R. H. Notes on Ancient Villages in Khor Nubt and Khor Omek Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. Notes on Three Burials in Sennar District Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE MacMichael, H. A. Notes on the Burial Palace of the Fur Sultans at Tura, in Jebel Marra Sudan Notes and Records Volume 9 Khartoum : 1926 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Chataway, J. D. P. Notes on the History of the Fung Sudan Notes and Records Volume 13 Khartoum : 1930 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Notes: A Fragment from Christian Nubia Sudan Notes and Records Volume 16 Khartoum : 1933 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Notes: The First Pan- African Congress on Prehistory Sudan Notes and Records Volume 28 Khartoum : 1947 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Crowfoot, J. W. Old Sites in the Butana Sudan Notes and Records Volume 3 Khartoum : 1920 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Dunham, Dows Outline of the Ancient History of Sudan: Part V The Kingdom of Kush at Napata and Meroe 750 B.C to AD 350 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 28 Khartoum : 1947 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Outline of the Ancient History of the Sudan - Part I. Early Trading Caravans (4000 to 2000 B.C.) Sudan Notes and Records Volume 1 Khartoum : 1918 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Outline of the Ancient History of the Sudan. Part III - The Egyptianization of Ethiopia (1600 to 1090 B.C.) Sudan Notes and Records Volume 1 Khartoum : 1918 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Outline of the Ancient History of the Sudan. Part IV - The First Kingdom of Ethiopia, its Conquest of Egypt and its Development into a Kingdom of the Sudan (1100 to 250 B.C.) Sudan Notes and Records Volume 2 Khartoum : 1919 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Outline of the Ancient History of the Sudan: Part II - The Egyptian Occupation of Ethiopia During the Middle Empire (2000 to 1600 B.C.) Sudan Notes and Records Volume 1 Khartoum : 1918 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Bloss, J. F. E. Relics of Ancient Gold Miners Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A.J. Rock Pictures in Northern Darfur Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Bell, G. W. Shaibun Gold Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Aglen, E.F. Sheikan Battlefield Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Wainwright, G. A. Some Ancient Records of Kordofan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 28 Khartoum : 1947 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reid, J. A. Some Notes on the Khalifa Abdullahi From Contemporary Sudanese Sources Sudan Notes and Records Volume 21 Khartoum : 1938 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Dunbar, J. H. Some Nubian Rock Pictures Sudan Notes and Records Volume 18 Khartoum : 1935 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Dunbar, J. H. Some Nubian Rock Pictures Sudan Notes and Records Volume 17 Khartoum : 1934 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Edmonds, J. M. Some Stone -Walled Enclosures in Dar Hawawir Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reid, J. A. Story of a Mahdist Amir Sudan Notes and Records Volume 9 Khartoum : 1926 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Bell, G. W. Suleiman Hariga Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Hillelson, S. Tabaqat Wad Dayf Allah: Studies in the Lives of Scholars and Saints Sudan Notes and Records Volume 6 Khartoum : 1923 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Tale of Wadai Slave trade in the Nineties Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Nalder, L. F. Tales from the Fung Province Sudan Notes and Records Volume 14 Khartoum : 1931 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Cumming, D. C. The History of Kassala and the Province of Taka -Part II Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Hope, A. C. The Adventurous Life of Faraj Sadik Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Robinson, A. E. The Camel in Antiquity Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Watson, C. M. The Campaign of Gordon's Steamers Sudan Notes and Records Volume 12 Khartoum : 1929 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. The Coinage of Ali Dinar, Sultan of Darfur 1898-1916 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Job, H. S. The Coinage of The Mahdi and the Khalifa Sudan Notes and Records Volume 3 Khartoum : 1920 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Myers, O. H. The Consolidation and Protection of Ancient Monuments of the Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 29 Khartoum : 1948 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Disney, A. W. M The Coronation of the Fung king of Fazoghli Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Newbold, D. The Crusaders in the Red Sea and the Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Gulla, Sheikh Ali The Defeat of Hicks Pasha Sudan Notes and Records Volume 8 Khartoum : 1925 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Hashim, Ishag The Defence of Nyala 1921 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 25 Part I Khartoum : 1942 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE H. A. Morrice The Development of Sudan Communications - Part III, Roads Sudan Notes and Records Volume 30 Khartoum : 1949 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE The Diary of Abbas Bey Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Hassan, Thabit The Discovery of a Meroitic Child's Grave in Khartoum Sudan Notes and Records Volume 30 Khartoum : 1949 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. The Excavation of a Neolithic Site at Esh Shaheinab Sudan Notes and Records Volume 30 Khartoum : 1949 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE The Excavation of an Ancient Site at Khartoum Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Edwards, F. A. The Foundation of Khartoum Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Newbold, D. The History and Archaeology of the Libyan Desert Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. The History of Darfur - 1200-1700 AD Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Arkell, A. J. The History of Darfur, 1200-1700 AD Part II Sudan Notes and Records Volume 32 Khartoum : 1951 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE The History of Gallabat Sudan Notes and Records Volume 7 Khartoum : 1924 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Cumming, D. C. The History of Kassala and the Province of Taka Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Cumming, D. C. The History of Kassala and the Province of Taka Sudan Notes and Records Volume 23 Khartoum : 1940 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Theobald, A. B. The Khalifa 'Abdallahi Sudan Notes and Records Volume 31 Khartoum : 1950 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Elles, R. J. The Kingdom of Tegali Sudan Notes and Records Volume 18 Khartoum : 1935 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Kenrick, J. W. The Kingdom of Tegali, 1921-1946 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 29 Khartoum : 1948 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Titherington, G. W. The Kubinat - Old Forts in the Fourth Cataract Sudan Notes and Records Volume 22 Khartoum : 1939 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reid, J. A. The Madhi's Emirs Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE The Mamelukes in the Sudan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Davies, R. The Masalit Sultanate Sudan Notes and Records Volume 7 Khartoum : 1924 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. The Pyramids of Meroe and the Candances of Ethiopia Sudan Notes and Records Volume 5 Khartoum : 1922 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Cooke Kennedy, B. The Red Sea Coast in 1540 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 16 Khartoum : 1933 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Shaw, W. B. K. The Ruins at Abu Sufyan Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Penn, A. E. D. The Ruins of Zankor Sudan Notes and Records Volume 14 Khartoum : 1931 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Wingate. F. R. The Siege and Fall of Khartum Sudan Notes and Records Volume 13 Khartoum : 1930 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Walkley, C. E. J The Story of Khartoum Sudan Notes and Records Volume 18 Khartoum : 1935 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Walkley, C. E. J The Story of Khartoum (concluded) Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Bloss, J. F. E. The Story of Suakin - Part III - From 1865 to the present day Sudan Notes and Records Volume 20 Khartoum : 1937 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Bloss, J. F. E. The Story of Suakin. Part I: The Pre-Turkish Era Sudan Notes and Records Volume 19 Khartoum : 1936 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Crawford, O. G. S. The Strange Adventures of Zaga Christ Sudan Notes and Records Volume 31 Khartoum : 1950 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Addison, F. The Temple of Taharqa at Kawa Sudan Notes and Records Volume 12 Khartoum : 1929 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Kingdon, F. D. The Western Nuer Patrol, 1927-1928 Sudan Notes and Records Volume 26 Khartoum : 1945 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Jackson, H. C. Two Gezira Families Sudan Notes and Records Volume 3 Khartoum : 1920 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Gordon, C. G. Unpublished Letters of Charles George Gordon Sudan Notes and Records Volume 10 Khartoum : 1927 DISPLAY

		ARTICLE Reisner, G. A. Uronarti Sudan Notes and Records Volume 14 Khartoum : 1931 DISPLAY

		DOCUMENT Suliman, Nizar Alnour Ali A Bibliography on Southern Sudan Omdurman Ali University DISPLAY | DOWNLOAD PDF (51.3mb)

		DOCUMENT Negotiations on the Sudan - Anglo-Egyptian Talks To-Day The Times : 10 February 1953 DISPLAY

		DOCUMENT Santandrea, Stefano A Popular History of Wau 1977 DISPLAY

		DOCUMENT Shinnie, Margaret A Short History of the Sudan (Up to A.D. 1500) Sudan Antiquities Service DISPLAY | DOWNLOAD PDF (7.5mb)

		DOCUMENT Parr, Martin Sudan - Comments by Mr. Martin Parr on a memorandum "Summary of the British Southern Policies". 11 July 1961 DISPLAY

DOCUMENT McCall, Storrs Unpublished manuscript on the history of the first civil war in South Sudan (Anya-Nya) DISPLAY